Now, considering the limits of current standard imaging to identify radiological predictors of malignancy or to differentiate between benign and malignant tumors and between low-grade and high-grade cancers, what do you think about the need to perform biopsy for appropriate histologic diagnosis and to characterize these small renal masses? Secondly, I would like to ask you, do you prefer biopsy before or during ablation?

Yeah, so I think one of the major limitations in the management of the small renal masses is that conventional imaging is very good at detecting and characterizing the renal lesion, but much less reliable at telling us the biology of the mass.

So CT and MRI can reliably differentiate benign from malignant tumors, and they are even less reliable in distinguished law from high-grade disease.

So for this reason, I think biopsy has an important role.

particularly when the results can change the management of our patient.

The modern biopsy is actually very accurate.

The diagnostic yield is very high, more than 90%, as well as concordance with final pathology.

What do you think, Giuseppe, is the current application of artificial intelligence in renal cell carcinoma diagnosis?