
Gerard Kramer
Professor of Dairy Production Medicine at University of Minnesota; veterinary expert in hoof health and lameness management in dairy cattle.
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Jun 30, 2026
Smart Systems Rethinking Lameness Management
8:44
8:52
9:05

Gerard KramerGUEST
Um, but yeah, basically what we're talking about, so I'll use my finger as an example, right? So the last bone, we call that the P3, that's the last bone that's inside the hoof capsule.

Gerard KramerGUEST
Um, basically if we think about when a cow's walking on, she's walking at about five millimeters of horn, and then there's about five millimeters of something called the corium, and then the bone is kind of sitting on top of that.

Gerard KramerGUEST
Um, so when we get pressure on that corium, so when it gets squished basically, either if it's a sole ulcer, squishing happens this way.
