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Gerard Kramer

Gerard Kramer

Professor of Dairy Production Medicine at University of Minnesota; veterinary expert in hoof health and lameness management in dairy cattle.

Jun 30, 2026

8:39
Well, I've got one back here if you want.
8:41
There you go.
8:41
[laughs] I don't have mine handy.
8:44
Um, but yeah, basically what we're talking about, so I'll use my finger as an example, right? So the last bone, we call that the P3, that's the last bone that's inside the hoof capsule.
8:52
Um, basically if we think about when a cow's walking on, she's walking at about five millimeters of horn, and then there's about five millimeters of something called the corium, and then the bone is kind of sitting on top of that.
9:05
Um, so when we get pressure on that corium, so when it gets squished basically, either if it's a sole ulcer, squishing happens this way.
9:12
If it's a white line, the squishing happens that way.
12:28
Yeah, please do.

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