What is one thing that you wish everyone on this planet right now could understand?

Uh, I've gone over, um, a couple of them.

Optimism is different than hope.

Uh, uh, uh, abate, uh, adapt, or, um, suffer.

Um, maybe the, maybe the one i- i- is, is that, uh, like a lot of policies, um, don't be too hard on the policymakers.

Don't expect them in the climate world to, uh, sit down and in 2026 write down a policy or a trajectory and, and a policy that will achieve that trajectory.

This is the best policy between now and the year 2100.

What advice would you tell them?

How would you explain it to someone who doesn't have an academic background or spend as much time in this space to really understand the issue of climate change from an economic perspective, at kind of a basic level? How are you thinking about the issue of climate change from an economic perspective?

That's a really, really good question.

But economics fits in at the beginning of the problem.

It's economic activity that drives the demand for energy and different types of energy.

It drives, therefore, the demand for fossil fuels.

And that's where carbon emissions come from, methane leaks from distribution of natural gas, all variety of things like that.

Those are the drivers, the fundamental drivers that you can really get your head around.

So when you put a, a power plant in, uh, city where in that city is that going to go and then what does that mean in terms of who's being impacted and who's who's maybe being uh bearing a greater burden relative to the general population and so as a part of that we're thinking about it through the equity lens so so i'm curious you know thinking about terms and concepts like a value of a statistical life and just kind of that an economic framework in general and trying to quantify the the impacts of of climate change How do you think that we could do a better job of embedding equity into how we think about climate change and climate policy from that economic perspective?