You know, can you highlight to us how some of these global issues and these, you know, problems that's been highlighted by Nick actually come back to affect Australians, and what we can do better to, one, underline our own security, but also to prepare ourselves for the next pandemic?

I think the question here is that, or the issue to examine is that pathogens, they are risky in themselves, infectious diseases, but at the same time they expose vulnerabilities in systems.

And I think that's what we need to, rather than asking how do we prepare for the next pandemics, how do we prepare for the next risk? 'Cause the next risk might be an infectious disease, uh, risk, but it might also be a cybersecurity threat against health infrastructure.

We saw, for example, in COVID, many hospitals were, their pr- confidential data was accessed using a lot of different weaknesses in the infrastructure.

So we, when we look at this from a systemic perspective, how do we, how are we better prepared as a country and as a society? It rings different alarm bells in different departments and ministries and say, "Okay, do we n- we need to prepare from a water and sanitation perspective.

We need actually to review our migration and our border protection policies.

We need to really look at our biosecurity, our finances, our geopolitical arrangements," because today if something was going to happen in the Indo-Pacific, we might lose vital supply chains, including our pharmaceuticals.

... thing to think about

Blanchet's partner, Esperanza Martinez, agrees that change is long overdue.

We know what's wrong, and we have known it for a long, long time, for many years, that the structure was too heavy, that we have duplications in the humanitarian system, that the localization that was agreed and the devolution of power that was agreed in Istanbul in the World Humanitarian Summit hasn't materialized.

And so this report actually confirms that we haven't made the progress that was required.

At the same time, it identifies concrete ways in which we could advance.

For example, if we talk about inverting the power, it's not just localization in the sense of talking about it.

It's actually giving the resources and the autonomy and ceding power and decision-making and authority to the communities and to the local actors who at the end of the day are the first responders.

So there are concrete actions in the report that point out of ways where we can use this transformative period, challenging and critical period on the humanitarian sector, to actually move the needle because we are in a, in a place where we are not meeting the needs of people.

A crisis like E- Ebola, you absolutely need to involve the women and probably approach them separately.