How can we finally understand crises like Palestine, Myanmar, Sudan as political systems of oppression rather than simply as humanitarian emergencies?

Thanks, Sarah.

And yeah, great to be on the podcast again.

I think it was around this time last year when we were talking about corporate humanitarianism at the height of the Gaza Humanitarian Foundation and all the atrocities that were occurring then.

Exactly.

So the report dives into a lot of issues.

It's probably one of the more challenging reports we've had to write.

What can the international humanitarian sector learn from those approaches? How can it better understand the ways people organise, resist and support each other?

So the question becomes: how do we approach this issue of granularity? To what level do we go down in granting autonomy and granting self-determination and, and, uh, ethnic sovereignty and national sovereignty? Um- And at what point do we just say, "No, there are too many levels of administration, and the benefit that we would gain from giving you sovereignty and from giving you greater legal standing and greater autonomy is undone by the added complexity that this new layer of administration is bringing"?

Hmm.

These are all excellent [laughs] questions.

Uh, I love it.

Um, so I, I think, yeah, th- these are very valid concerns.

I think, uh, also building on what Stella was saying, there is not so much of a push for, you know, completely independent, uh, nation states.

I would say this, uh, narrative of complete fragmentation should be shifted to being think- thinking more around federalism and federal democracy is, is what's being pushed for.

What, what are your predictions with regards to, to aid in development funding, and, uh, and what message would you have to aid organizations that might be listening?