I asked David to give us an academic definition of the term.

So, conspirituality is a term that was invented by the lead author of the paper that I wrote in 2011.

And it represents a hybrid between two distinct things.

On the one hand, alternative spirituality or the New Age.

or the holistic milieu.

And then the second ideology that is part of this hybrid thing is conspiracy theory.

And with conspiracy theory, there's a denial of contingency.

And the trouble is, a significant number of Christians are too nervous to denounce Tommy Robinson's pivot.

Is it like this or is it like some of the factors?

Yes, I think that's true.

Now, I should say that it's not the same everywhere or for all groups.

And interestingly, Islam does seem to be an exception in the Western world.

in that you have much higher levels of religious belief, practice and identity with religion than you do in the Christian heritage population.

And in fact, in the Muslim population, I think it's interesting that you see, to some extent, not necessarily polarization, but at least a greater spread of outcomes.

There are certainly some people in the young generation who are finding religious belief and practice, who are more serious about religion than their parents were.

And that is where we, you know, somehow derailing from our paths, whether it be religion, whether it be our culture or anything.

Uh, but it was welcome news to Professor David Voas, an emeritus professor at the UCL Social Research Institute, who told us The Quiet Revival wasn't plausible back in my first report.

I'm glad to be right, and it's unusual that something is retracted to demonstrate the correctness of one's initial skepticism.

On the other hand, I do find it exasperating that it's taken so long, given that at the outset I was saying not only that the findings were very likely to be incorrect, but why they were likely to be wrong and what was behind the surprising results.

And it turns out that it was indeed a matter of bogus responses on the survey.

YouGov recruits a panel of volunteers who sign up to do the surveys for a small financial reward, and then you invite the people you need to take part from that panel.

We have good reason to believe there's a lot of academic research that's gone on over the last few years on this, that these panels are, have increasingly been infiltrated by bogus respondents.

Now, these could be real people who are just not who they claim to be.

They might be real people who don't really care about the subject matter of the surveys and are just racing through them as quickly as possible.