Do you see that as a threat, if we can call it that, a threat to the future Russian interest in the Arctic Council when and if hostilities in Ukraine come to an end?

You know, there's some irony here.

Among the eight Arctic countries, Russia had been the one most reluctant to give non-Arctic nations any kind of foothold or role or engagement in the Arctic.

They were the most reluctant to invite into the Arctic fisheries negotiations the non-Arctic states that actually did get invited.

But as you say, a lot has changed.

Since February 2022, the sanctions imposed by Western Arctic governments and other Western states on Russia have brought about a change in Russian thinking about the Arctic.

However, with the exception of China, Much of Russia's talk about engaging other nations in the Arctic, including the BRICS countries, is overstated and a little bit of hyperbole.

Are you hearing anything from any representatives on those levels that are thinking that maybe it is time to reinitiate contact with Russia in some capacity?

Do you see that as a threat, if we can call it that, a threat to the future Russian interest in the Arctic Council when and if hostilities in Ukraine come to an end?

You know, there's some irony here.

Among the eight Arctic countries, Russia had been the one most reluctant to give non-Arctic nations any kind of foothold or role or engagement in the Arctic.

They were the most reluctant to invite into the Arctic fisheries negotiations the non-Arctic states that actually did get invited.

But as you say, a lot has changed.

Since February 2022, the sanctions imposed by Western Arctic governments and other Western states on Russia have brought about a change in Russian thinking about the Arctic.

However, with the exception of China, Much of Russia's talk about engaging other nations in the Arctic, including the BRICS countries, is overstated and a little bit of hyperbole.

Are you hearing anything from any representatives on those levels that are thinking that maybe it is time to reinitiate contact with Russia in some capacity?