Can you remember standing and seeing the ship come in? What was it that struck you that made you want to do something?

Well, we just... been awarded this NSF grant to investigate why the daily penguin populations in the Ross Sea were increasing.

And that information was from Peter Wilson and Kerry Barton at Landcare Research.

And I had met them at the 1992 Penguin Congress at Phillip Island, and we devised the project.

And so it took a couple of tries to get it through NSF, but we got it in 1996. started the project, and there I was standing on the shore at Cape Crozier, and this toothfish vessel shows up and starts laying a long line.

And I say, well, geez, what's going on here? And then the Japanese announced that they would start so-called scientific whaling and taking minke whales from the Ross Sea.

And then I said, well, how could we ever be studying how essentially changing climate that's responsible for the growth of these populations if all this other stuff is now becoming part of the Ross Sea.

diving deeper just like the penguins when you were talking about the feathers and diving surfboards and things i just had this image of people wearing penguin feathered wetsuits which would make life a lot easier with the heat side of things so let's see if that one comes to fruition so what is it about the community the colony of penguins is there a difference between the way that they work together and other seabirds