Invert mounding, we talked about there was an old mound rain system and maybe you could distinguish them both for anyone who has never planted before or been on a commercially planted forestry site.

okay so i suppose uh way back it was was plowing and that was changed to of course most people understand the idea of plowing where you just plow a ridge and you plant it on the ridge it was uh determined not to be very wind stable it depended on which the way the wind came so there was big changes and that was changed to mounding drain mounting where an excavator would pull a fairly shallow drain every eight meters and it would turn out four mounds two meters apart between those you know and that was considered the standard practice for you know quite a long time and it's still acceptable on on sites and not on native woodland sites but it is accepted uh still but it has to be there's a lot of restrictions in it with water and where you can go to how close to a water and all that kind of you know stage now invert mountain is complete different it's where you actually turn the sod and put it back in where it was effectively so you're taking a scoop where you know like usually a two foot bucket and you put it back into the same piece of ground Now, the automatic thing might be, why bother then if you're not doing a drain? But that piece of ground, you know, it's a weed-free piece of soil for, you know, the plant to have a start in life.

You know, it gives it a chance the first season, it'll usually be fairly safe from weeds.

that tossing of the mound, it actually loosens the soil a bit too.

So if you actually plant it straight into the ground with a spade, the spade itself can combat the soil.

And, you know, that just, you know, it can be hard for the tree to get going.

And then it's surrounded by grass and weeds as well.

But in a nutshell, what are the key challenges that you face on a daily basis, just getting those trees free growing to year five, year six?