Christoph,

can I hand off to you here? Great.

Thanks, Michael.

I mean, you already mentioned mixed features, which is, I think, a real advancement from DSM-5 to DSM-4 and DSM-3, preceding numbers of the DSM, where you had to be either fully depressed or fully manic, and that didn't really... capture the reality of life that was a lot of overlap.

We now know that patients who have a depressive episode can have intermixed mania-like symptoms.

And vice versa, when you have manic symptoms, you can have depression intermixed.

So what are these mixed features? Well, there are at least three non-overlapping manic or hypomanic symptoms during a depressive episode.

Christoph, why don't you take over now?

Learn more at neiglobal.com.

Hello, I'm Dr. Christoph Correll.

In this session, I will be addressing key clinical questions that came out of my presentation titled Perhaps the Grass is Greener: Why, When, and How to Switch or Combine Treatments for Schizophrenia.

Let's go into these questions.

First question was, when you're seeing a patient who's not doing well on their current antipsychotic, how do you determine whether this is true non-response, partial response, or intolerance? And how does that guide your next step? This is not always easy, so in that sense, it's a really good clinical question.

True non-response really means that you have patients on a therapeutic dose that they can tolerate and that they're actually taking it.

So pseudo non-response would be when patients unbeknownst to you are skipping every other dose or, um, basically take it very irregularly, forget doses, and that means you have to always ask about it.