From your perspective, Christina, uh, what are the biggest drivers behind this decline, and why has recovery been so difficult over the years?

Yeah.

So penguins face quite a few threats, unfortunately.

Um, there are some historical ones, um, such as egg collecting for human consumption, and then also guano collecting, so that's, um, seabird, uh, feces that were collected for, uh, fertilizer.

Um, thankfully that has stopped, or that stopped in the 1970s, but that's what caused the, the really big decrease from, you know, over a million pairs to, um, a few hundred thousand.

And then other, other drivers came in, other threats came into play.

There, there's always the threat of oil spills, um, that can affect the penguins.

What inspired this bold approach, and what does it take to convince penguins to settle somewhere completely new?