And you mentioned this a bit, but what have we learnt in recent years about the mechanisms that link EBV to MS?

Yeah.

So the main, uh, four mechanisms that are currently discussed for this link between Epstein-Barr virus and MS, EBV being sort of a condition sine qua non for starting maybe the prodromal, uh, MS pathogenesis, are four main mechanisms.

One is, uh, called molecular mimicry.

Uh, it is, uh, thought that EBV-specific immune responses, either humoral immune responses at the antibody level or at the T cell level, cross-react between EBV antigens and autoantigens of the central nervous system.

Therefore, EBV infection would start these misguided immune responses that then would, uh, target structures in the central nervous system.

There's a second mechanism that suggests that, uh, EBV converts B cells into a phenotype, um, so-called H-associated or ABC B cells that, um, migrate to the central nervous system and start an inflammation in this tissue, recruiting other immune cells, and therefore establishing an inflammation that continues then to drive the disease process.

How might what we know about EBV and MS be used to treat or even prevent MS, and how close are we to making that a reality?