When we talk about early life stress becoming embedded biologically, what does that actually mean and why is the field increasingly looking at biological aging as a framework to understand these effects?

Yeah, so when I think about early adversity and we think about biological aging and kind of this idea of embedding, I think it's helpful to think about what is early adversity and what are kind of the downstream consequences.

So we know that early adversity, things like exposure to, you know, Abuse or trauma and also things like growing up in a poverty or with kind of chronic resource scarcity.

These sorts of experiences in childhood are associated with increased risk for mental health problems in adolescence and across the lifespan and also a higher risk for disease outcomes as well.

And so when we think about early embedding, we're really asking how do these early experiences essentially get converted into lasting change and how the body is really built and regulated.

So really this kind of change in a physiological set point.

So across things like hormone regulation and cellular metabolism and developmental tempo.

Can you give us a sense of who these participants were and what was being measured at each visit?