Thank you.

Thank you, Chief Justice, Justices.

I'll begin with the real and substantial connection test, which was Ontario's primary argument in the court below, and here is their secondary argument.

The Court of Appeal, in our view, correctly rejected the application of the real and substantial connection test here in interpreting Section 207(1)(a), and that was for three reasons.

First, the doctrine is simply inapplicable in this context because of the text of Section 207(1)(a), and I'll explain.

Second, there is a fundamental mismatch between how Ontario is trying to use the real and substantial connection test and how that test operates in this context.

And then third, the text, excuse me, the test invites consequences that this court should not welcome.

So it isn't-- I, I agree it's not the strongest argument that, uh, Ontario has, but it-- there is a, there is something of an analogy in terms of interpreting the reach of provincial legislation.

Thank you.

Thank you, Chief Justice, Justices.

I'll begin with the real and substantial connection test, which was Ontario's primary argument in the court below, and here is their secondary argument.

The Court of Appeal, in our view, correctly rejected the application of the real and substantial connection test here in interpreting Section 2071A, and that was for three reasons.

First, the doctrine is simply inapplicable in this context because of the text of Section 2071A, and I'll explain.

Second, there is a fundamental mismatch between how Ontario is trying to use the real and substantial connection test and how that test operates in this context.

And then third, the text, excuse me, the test invites consequences that this court should not welcome.

So it isn't-- I, I agree it's not the strongest argument that, uh, Ontario has, but it-- there is a, there is something of an analogy in terms of interpreting the reach of provincial legislation.

Thank you.

Thank you, Chief Justice, Justices.

I'll begin with the real and substantial connection test, which was Ontario's primary argument in the court below, and here is their secondary argument.

The Court of Appeal, in our view, correctly rejected the application of the real and substantial connection test here in interpreting Section 2071A, and that was for three reasons.

First, the doctrine is simply inapplicable in this context because of the text of Section 2071A, and I'll explain.

Second, there is a fundamental mismatch between how Ontario is trying to use the real and substantial connection test and how that test operates in this context.

And then third, the text, excuse me, the test invites consequences that this court should not welcome.

So it isn't-- I, I agree it's not the strongest argument that, uh, Ontario has, but it-- there is a, there is something of an analogy in terms of interpreting the reach of provincial legislation.