So could you perhaps just talk a little bit, you've already got into this a little bit, but where do you situate yourself then in that culturalist paradigm as it relates to materialism and so on? I will

start answering this by saying that When I was younger, a younger academic, I felt more of a need to be partisan about things.

Now, this may happen to others as well.

I don't know.

I'm just speaking about myself.

It's possibly also a property of youth.

You feel more polemical.

So how useful do you think it is to use the word fascism to keep talking about some of the kind of contemporary far-right movements we're experiencing today through using that word fascism to describe what we're witnessing here? Is there a relationship? Is it like a family resemblance or something like this? Or do you think it's more useful to start developing new vocabularies? Is fascism confined to something more restricted, more historical?

So, uh, Iconic Fascism, um, could you tell us a little bit about this book and, uh, perhaps explain a little bit about the title and what you're trying to do with it?

Yeah.

The title is a little bit of a mischievous play with words, okay? And, you know, on the one hand, somebody who has or has, has read or has heard of Susan Sontag may just about see a little bit of a, of a, of a kind of intended plagiarism here.

The sort of, uh, Susan Sontag's Fascinat- Fascinating Fascism and a little bit of play with words here.

So I don't claim any originality here.

I'm just saying that this is s- it, part of my intention.

But the other, the, the other and the most important part of this, if you like, is that it is a book about the relationship between fascism and the sign, and the sign in the, in the semiotic sense, in the symbolic sense, in a more trivial sense, if you like.

So how useful do you think it is to use the word fascism to keep talking about some of the kind of contemporary far-right movements we're, we're experiencing today through, you know, using that word fascism to describe what we're witnessing here? Is it, is there a relationship? Is it like a family resemblance or something like this? Or do you think it's more useful to start, you know, developing new vocabularies? Is fascism confined to something more restricted, more historical?

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I will start answering this by saying that when I was younger, a younger academic, I felt more of a need to be partisan about things.

Now, this may happen to others as well.

I don't know.

I'm just speaking about myself.

It's probably... possibly also a property of youth, you feel more polemical, you feel more passionate about this.

I still remember the phase in my life as a young PhD student at the very beginning of my PhD when I read The Nature of Fascism, which, you know, in my case has been transformative.

So how useful do you think it is to use the word fascism to keep talking about some of the kind of contemporary far-right movements we're experiencing today through using that word fascism to describe what we're witnessing here? Is there a relationship? Is it like a family resemblance or something like this? Or do you think it's more useful to start developing new vocabularies? Is fascism confined to something more restricted, more historical?