And for someone who doesn't know about, uh, precision juror medicine, can you maybe explain a little bit, what is it and why maybe you think that is the way forward and on top of it, how you got interested in precision juror medicine in general?

Yeah.

So first of all, the glory that we have that word precision shared medicine has to go to another member of the academy of neuroscience and that is Guido Kroemer.

So I didn't invent it.

So I will tell you a little bit, the history, how we came up with precision shared medicine.

We did it with the two of us.

So.

So what do you believe it's like in the future is, and it will get into the clinic, for example.

How close are we to knowing whether senolytics meaningfully change human aging?

Senescent cells are very often being termed the zombie cells.

So these are the cells who stop replicating.

So a cell in your body should actually be able to replicate.

Some of them don't.

And some cells who are damaged say, OK, I will become a senescent cell.

So it's a very good process in the body to have senescent cells, because a senescent cell stops dividing.

What does the human evidence actually allow us to say about that today?

Could you elaborate a little bit on how, how do you separate those two channels?

So wellness is also a buzzword.

[laughs] Uh, longevity medicine is one.

Um, we now call it precision geromedicine, and if you're really looking at tools which might influence the health of individuals, we have to start in our own lives.

We don't have to go to a wellness center to have good lifestyles.

Sometimes it helps, um, our soul, but in the end, it, it starts with, "What can I do for my body to optimize that body to live longer, happier, healthier?" And that's what I'm striving for.

In principle, I don't care if we do that through medicine or through wellness or through the church or through whatever we do, because all of them have a, a part to play.

So how do we know we're making progress?

You didn't find it made you older, but it was a bit of a mixed picture to the extent to which it showed you, you were biologically younger.

Yes.

So we have many epigenetic clocks.

So we can, um, measure, based on the epigenetic makeup, uh, lots of markers.

Um, very often, uh, we are using, uh, clocks which either are trained to predict mortality or diseases, and what we were able to find, if somebody has more steps, it's very likely that that person, these, these individuals, also have a biologically younger age using the Horvath clock and the GrimAge, uh, clock.

So these are two clocks which are very often being, being used and have been trained in, in many participants, and we were able to showcase the association with steps.

However, other clocks did not showcase that.

These are hormones produced by the muscle tissue.

So in other words, what you've got is an in- an interesting indication that you might be biologically younger if you do exercise, but that needs more work to nail it.

Andrea, I'm just wondering, just zooming out for people, you talk in the paper about geroprotective, that if you are physically active, that it protects against the aging process.

Can you just give us how? How does physical activity actually help the body at that kind of anti-aging process level? Give us some more motivation to move.

Oh, yes.

So you already have the motivation, I heard, which is absolutely great, and we should all move.

Um, so physical activity is, is very nice because if you are physically active, your, uh, circulation is much, much better.

Your heart is pumping much, much more.

These are hormones produced by the muscle tissue.