Imperialist production of solar energy in India: a conversation with Denise Fernandes

**Series Summary** This series brings together scholars researching the relationship between green finance, and the everyday experiences of violence and solidarity across the world. Green finance, the various models of loans and investments that ostensibly support mitigation and adaptation to climate change, is promoted by international bodies such as the United Nations and the World Bank. However, the abstraction of this language and policies involved obscures the connections to everyday practices of extraction and resistance. This series reinfuses the economics of climate change with people’s histories and agencies. Therefore, anthropologists and adjacent field scholars have a particularly apt skill set for grounding the climate finance discussion in place-based, community-informed explorations across the globe.   In the second episode of the series, Denise Fernandes recounts the global process that solidified a top-down and market-driven approach to climate change action. In her analysis of the Rewa Solar Park in India, Denise weaves together the long history of colonialism, the flow of capital, and science and technologies that produce the “free, clean, and green energy.” As a result of these processes, certain spaces, like the Gurh tehsil, become banjaar zameen (barren lands) amenable to megaprojects backed by green loans from the World Bank, in what Denise describes as American energy imperialism. She also brings art into the energy discussion! From Odetta’s interpretation of Woody Guthrie’s “Pastures of Plenty,” to her photographic narrative of invisibilized fracking in Colorado Denise shows her interdisciplinary approach. She also discusses her teaching and public press articles, like the ones in The Wire, Article 14, and New Lines Magazine.   **Guest** !https://econanthro.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/DeniseFernandes-150x150.jpg Denise Fernandes is an Assistant Professor of Global Environmental Politics at Whitman College, Washington, USA. She earned her Ph.D. in Environmental Studies from the University of Colorado-Boulder. Her teaching and scholarship focus on renewable energy and fossil fuel landscapes, climate justice, and the reproduction of injustices and inequalities in historically marginalized communities in the Global South. For her Ph.D., she studied the financialization of World Bank-financed solar parks in India. In this work, she investigated the historic narratives and rhetoric that shaped solar decision-making processes during the energy transition in the Global South. She regularly collaborates with artists and journalists to visually portray energy landscapes and the climate crisis, and to enhance the importance of public scholarship within academia. **Host** !https://econanthro.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Coyotecatl-150x150.jpg Jéssica Malinalli Coyotecatl-Contreras is a University of California President’s Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Latin American and Latino Studies at UC Santa Cruz. She holds a PhD in Anthropology (UCSB, 2025) and a Master’s in Social Anthropology (El Colegio de Michoacán, 2013). Her work builds on the knowledge of women and Indigenous communities, at the intersection of the (built) environment, feminist political ecology, and anti-coloniality in the Americas. Her work has been featured in peer-reviewed articles and online pieces for broader audiences. She is currently working on her first manuscript “Volcanic Sustainability: Progressive Fossil Capitalism, Violent Energy Transition, and Indigenous Futurities in Mexico.”