Jun 16, 2026 · 57 min · 13 segments
**Meet the Author:** Dr. Stephen L. Cook serves as the Catherine N. McBurney Professor of Old Testament Language and Literature at Virginia Theological Seminary, the largest of the accredited…
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Jeffrey HigginsHost
Like, like, w- what is the difference in the canon between, like, the Hebrew Bible and the, and the, uh, Protestant, uh, Old Testament and the Catholic Old Testament? Like, how do these differ? Like, where, where does this fall into that?
So, and it's somewhat controversial as well because in the Jewish Bible, which is sometimes called the Tanakh, it's in a different position than it is in the Protestant Bible.
And then in the Catholic Bible, you've got additions to the book in the Greek manuscripts that aren't in the Aramaic and Hebrew manuscripts.
So it's, uh, it's a contested book, and people wonder, well, if it's not in the prophets collection, is it just wisdom and it shouldn't be looked at as future-looking material? Or if it's in the prophets section, should we forget about the wisdom kind of thinking? And biblical scholars do tend to kind of think in categories or typologies.
Goes back to people like Weber and Wellhausen and German scholarship, that we were comfortable with pigeonholing folks.
So to get somebody like Daniel, who's a wise sage but very interested in the mysteries of the future, he really is both interested in prophecy and wisdom.
But, um, it's not as clear-cut because even if you go into very classical Jewish literature, there are people who call him a, a prophet, and very traditional rabbinic readings of seeing him as talking about the future way beyond his first context.

So there's a structural difference between the Hebrew Bible and, say, the Protestant, uh, Old Testament, but, but there's also a different number of prophets too, right? Is it-
And over the course of the history of interpretation, people have numbered them, and then you gotta go back and figure out how the, the numbering is working.
Like, we think of 12 minor prophets, but most Jews think of the book of the 12, the scroll of the 12.
So is that one or 12? Uh, how many are, how many are there? So it's, uh, it...
But the scholars will never agree, and we, it's not in our interest to agree because we have to keep our jobs.

Like, like, w- what is the difference in the canon between, like, the Hebrew Bible and the, and the, uh, Protestant, uh, Old Testament and the Catholic Old Testament? Like, how do these differ? Like, where, where does this fall into that?
So, and it's somewhat controversial as well because in the Jewish Bible, which is sometimes called the Tanakh, it's in a different position than it is in the Protestant Bible.
And then in the Catholic Bible, you've got additions to the book in the Greek manuscripts that aren't in the Aramaic and Hebrew manuscripts.
So it's, uh, it's a contested book, and people wonder, well, if it's not in the prophets collection, is it just wisdom and it shouldn't be looked at as future-looking material? Or if it's in the prophets section, should we forget about the wisdom kind of thinking? And biblical scholars do tend to kind of think in categories or typologies.
Goes back to people like Weber and Wellhausen and German scholarship, that we were comfortable with pigeonholing folks.
So to get somebody like Daniel, who's a wise sage but very interested in the mysteries of the future, he really is both interested in prophecy and wisdom.
But, um, it's not as clear-cut because even if you go into very classical Jewish literature, there are people who call him a, a prophet, and very traditional rabbinic readings of seeing him as talking about the future way beyond his first context.

So there's a structural difference between the Hebrew Bible and, say, the Protestant, uh, Old Testament, but, but there's also a different number of prophets too, right? Is it-
And over the course of the history of interpretation, people have numbered them, and then you gotta go back and figure out how the, the numbering is working.
Like, we think of 12 minor prophets, but most Jews think of the book of the 12, the scroll of the 12.
So is that one or 12? Uh, how many are, how many are there? So it's, uh, it...
But the scholars will never agree, and we, it's not in our interest to agree because we have to keep our jobs.
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