Zika virus

to be susceptible for flus again.

Yo, I went to doctors today and I saw the mask and I was like, why are you wearing that mask for? I was like, not the sinuses ones, eh? The Zika ones.

Put it down, like, it felt like I was being, like, they were being rude because everyone was wearing them.

I was like, is this something I don't know? Is this a second wave of COVID?

Yeah.

The big thing that I don't like about that chart, Will, if you wanna just throw it back up for a second, is that, so you've got 9/11, which was terror-related, terrorist activity, but then the rest of them, and then even if you put, like, if you imagine what that dip would look like for COVID, are SARS, bird flu, swine flu, MERS, Zika, and COVID.

[laughs] Like-

Yeah

And this was one of the articles that came out in 2016.

Shots for other vaccines offer clues in race for Zika vaccine.

So here we go.

Race for Zika vaccine.

We have this mysterious infectious disease that pops up.

Children are being born with small heads.

He says, we believe we can get a vaccine, Dr. Fauci.

And now it goes into trials.

And as the mayor says, their bites are very annoying.

But there's a more serious problem with them, which is that they can spread a range of potentially fatal diseases, including dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika, and the West Nile virus.

And I mean, this summer, there have been several hundred cases of these diseases reported in France by people who haven't recently traveled to the areas in-

Hmm

I mean, some people don't even report any symptoms, but among people who do, it's usually things like fever, aching joints, muscle pain, fatigue, headaches.

For people who are generally in good health, this disease will usually just get better on its own.

But it can be serious for people in high-risk groups, uh, compromised immune systems, while Zika especially can be dangerous for pregnant women.

Um, so I mean, the, all this is kind of to explain why French public health authorities are very carefully tracking the spread of these illnesses and why we have this quite detailed data on where they are.

Well, I mean, what's really fascinating right now is dengue isn't the only virus in its family that is of clinical importance to human health.

So we have Zika virus.

We have Japanese encephalitis virus.

We have tick-borne encephalitis virus.

And we also yellow fever in West Nile.

So there's all these other members of the flaviviridae family, orthoflaviviruses now, recently reclassified, that historically haven't overlapped that much.

I mean, there's exceptions, Japanese encephalitis virus, Zika and dengue have often co-circulated.

But we're now seeing, because of the creeping changes of the distribution patterns, we're now seeing these viruses overlap much more so in the past.

in over a century.

Flaviviruses such as dengue and Zika have expanded, such that dengue incidence has increased 30-fold in the past 50 years, and urbanization has led to new sites for the mosquitoes, both during flooding and when human water storage has occurred in droughts.

West Nile virus, which can be transmitted by a whole host of mosquitoes, has increased in the face of climate change, as in a 2010 outbreak in Europe due to an extreme heat wave, and both the mosquito vectors and bird migration patterns have expanded.

Lyme disease has also increased as the tick vector, as well as small mammal populations, have increased in range, such that cases have emerged in Canada and the Arctic.

And this is an example of macular rash you see during the convalescent phase.

This is one of my patients.

In terms of comparing the clinical characteristics between this virus, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, Zika seems to have a pretty mild presentation, while dengue can have the severe presentation, including hemorrhagic complications.

Chikungunya is something that I actually feel... sad, feel bad for the patient because atralgia and also severe joint pain actually last long, maybe a few months or even six months.