Youth Code

As a result of all these factors, by the 2015-2020 period, the scene had produced several bands that were gaining traction beyond regional.

Borders, Giant Steps, from Singapore, toured across Southeast Asia, and played gigs in Toronto, while Indonesian band Black Rain shared stages with international hardcore acts like Youth Code in a cross-continental festival.

Baird's speaker, Tony Lyne, through all these developments, The DIY infrastructure remained central.

Punk still relied on handmade flyers, printed on cheap paper, hand-ditched patches, and hand-written liner notes for self-released vinyl.