Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser

One of the problems here is that, um, you know, optics is really where people wanna go.

They wanna go to a VCSEL-based design or go to a, you know, a thin film lithium niobate-based, uh, modulator.

Mm-hmm.

But the, the problem is, um, lasers and optics still have a significant infant mortality problem.

Uh, "What type of light source is used with single mode, and how is it different from the other light sources within, within multi mode?" So single mode typically uses a laser diode.

Um, s- multi mode can use LED lights, um, VCSELs, short wave, uh, lasers.

There's also a new one too.

I just saw...