Uthmaniyya

Imam Ali regarded him with great affection, often calling him, "My son from Abu Bakr." Initially, Qais ibn Sa'd ibn Ubayda was appointed governor of Egypt, but due to changing circumstances, he was replaced by Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr.

Muhammad adopted a firm policy against the Uthmani faction, which led to growing unrest.

After the arbitration of Safin, Marvia sent Umar ibn al-As with a large force to Egypt.

Muhammad requested help from Imam Ali, who planned to send reinforcements, but events moved quickly.