Treaty of the Pyrenees

Much more of a barrier than they appear from the Spanish side.

Um, but if we go back perhaps say to 1659 with the Treaty of the Pyrenees, so that was Louis XIV, and that really defines the border as we know it today, and the border hasn't changed since 1659.

So that runs all along the, the highest point of the Pyrenees from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic.

But, and I, I suppose because of that, that's created the idea it looks fixed on the map.

Okay, yeah

... which is marooned, which is marooned in French territory, 'cause the, the, the Cerdanya is split 50/50 between France and Spain, which is quite convenient.

But, um, after that Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, Llívia was left isolated.

And it's a very strange, strange situation.

Spain was reduced to seek for peace.

In 1660, the Treaty of the Pyrenees, a supplement as it were to the Treaty of Westphalia, put an end to the long war.

The advantages of the peace were all on the side of France.

Roussillon and Artois, with Thionville, Landrecies and Avesnes, were incorporated with France.

Her longest period of war lasted 25 years, when the revolutionary Napoleonic Convulsion involved her continuing either foreign or civil war from 1789 to 1814.

Her second longest continuous war period, 1635 to 1659, was a great struggle against the House of Habsburg, which included part of the Thirty Years' War against Austria and the Spanish War ending in the Peace of the Pyrenees.

There was a great deal of fighting until the first half of the 13th century.

These wars were more important for France.

1629-1631, France, War of the Mantuan Succession.

1631, Rebellion in Vizcaya.

1635-1659, France ended by the Peace of the Pyrenees.

1637, Riots in Portugal.

Her longest period of war lasted 25 years, when the revolutionary and Napoleonic convulsion involved her continually in either foreign or civil war from 1789 to 1814.

Her second longest continuous war period, 1635 to 1659, was a great struggle against the House of Habsburg, which included part of the Thirty Years' War against Austria and the Spanish War ending in the Peace of the Pyrenees.

There was a great deal of fighting through the first half of the 13th century.

These wars were more important for France.

1629-1631, France, War of the Mantuan Succession.

1631, rebellion in Vizcaya.

1635-1659, France ended by the Peace of the Pyrenees.

1637, riots in Portugal.

The Dutch proposed to divide them with France.

It will be seen that in this direction the ambition of France was for a time frustrated, that though a great step was made at the Peace of the Pyrenees in 1659, the Spanish Low Countries were to form the object of thirty years more of intrigue and war.

4.

Sweden Sweden, supported by France, made good her claim to a heavy share in the spoils of victory.

To him the prospects of peace were at least as welcome as to Spain.

For France, so terrible was her exhaustion, after thirty years of ceaseless foreign and civil war, maintained only by taxation of crushing severity, was from every corner of her devastated departments literally crying aloud for repose.

Number three, the Peace of the Pyrenees.

The treaty between France and Spain dealt in the first place with accomplished facts.

Spain was reduced to seek for peace.

In 1660, the Treaty of the Pyrenees, a supplement as it were to the Treaty of Westphalia, put an end to the long war.

The advantages of the peace were all on the side of France.

Roussillon and Artois, with Thionville, Landrecies, and Avesnes, were incorporated with France.