Toubou people

Among them, the Amazigh, including the Tuareg, various Arabized Amazigh groups, such as the Hassaniya-speaking Sahrawis, whose populations include the Zenaga, a tribe whose name is a remnant of the prehistoric Zenaga language.

Other major groups of the people include the Toubou, Nubians, Zagawa, Kanuri, Hausa, Songhai, Beja, and Fula-Fulani.

The archaeological evidence from the Holocene period has shown that Nilo-Saharan-speaking groups had populated the central and southern Sahara before the influx of Berber and Arabic speakers around 1500 years ago, who now largely populate the Sahara in the modern era.

The Haratines are believed to largely descend from native ancient black populations that inhabited the Sahara.

Major groups include the Amazigh, the Tuareg, and various Arabized groups like the Sahrawis.

Other populations include the Tubu, Nubians, Zagawa, Kanuri, Hausa, Songhai, and Fula.

Evidence shows that groups speaking Nilo-Saharan languages lived in the southern and central desert long before Berber and Arabic speakers arrived, about 1,5 years ago.

The Heritans are also native to the region, descending from ancient populations.