Thracians

who had been raiding Pergamene territory and committed terrible atrocities against the citizens of Lysimachia, which was burned to the ground.

Philadelphus retaliated by releasing several Thracian prisoners of war back into the region to incite the local chieftains to rebel against Diaglis, and followed up with a punitive campaign across the Bosporus that finally subjugated the Canae.

The war with the Thracians was the last major military action undertaken by Attalus, but he continued to encourage Pergamene interests abroad.

In Athens, the king donated the necessary funds to build the famous stoa that bears his name.

The one that stands today in the Agora was built in the 1950s and has since served as a museum for the archaeological site.

Following this, he set his sights on the coastal cities of Samos, Colophon, and Mindus, probably using seized Adalid ships to launch raids and force their submission.

Phakia willingly took up arms for his cause too.

and Aristonicus was able to extensively recruit Thracians into his army, which suggests that he established close contacts with the tribes across the Bosporus.

He had also, as it would appear, a certain weakness of voice and indistinctness of speech and shortness of breath, which disturbed the sense of what he said by disjoining his sentences.

And finally, when he had forsaken the assembly and was wandering about dejectedly in the Piraeus, Eunomus the Thracian, who was already a very old man, caught sight of him and upbraided him because, although he had a style of speaking which was most like that of Pericles, he was throwing himself away out of weakness and lack of courage, neither facing the multitude with boldness nor preparing his body for these forensic contests, but suffering it to wither away in slothful neglect.

At another time, too, they say, when he had been rebuffed by the people and was going off homewards disconcerted and in great distress, Sotirus the actor, who was a familiar acquaintance of his, followed after and went indoors with him.

Demosthenes lamented to him that although he was the most laborious of all the orators and had almost used up the vigor of his body in this calling, he had no favor with the people, but debauchees, sailors, and illiterate fellows were listened to and held the bema while he himself was ignored.

This Archias then, finding that Hyperides the orator and Aristonicus of Marathon and Hymereus, the brother of Demetrius the Phalerian, had taken refuge in the sanctuary of Isaias at Aegina, hailed them away and sent them to Antipater at Chaioneae.

There they were also put to death, and Hyperides, it is said, also had his tongue cut out.

Moreover, on learning that Demosthenes had taken sanctuary in the temple of Poseidon at Calauria, Archias sailed across to the island in small boats, and after landing with Thracian spearmen, tried to persuade the fugitive to leave the temple and go with him to Antipater, assuring them that he would suffer no harsh treatment.

But it chanced that Demosthenes, in his sleep the night before, had seen a strange vision.

This conquest-based slave trade brought a wide variety of different tribes, cultures, and religions together and transformed Rome, the greatest slave market of all, into a new Babylon.

The men who followed Spartacus, the Thracian gladiator, who led the great slave revolts against Rome in 73 to 71 BC, came from many different lands.

Spartacus' goal was for them to all return to their countries of origin, but his men refused, preferring to stay in Italy, where they could kill, pillage, and rape.

They were eventually defeated at Brunzinium by eight legions led by Marcus...