Thomas Francis Jr.

In 1924, David Cowie developed iodized salt to wipe out endemic goiter, a simple innovation that dramatically improved public health.

In 1944, Thomas Francis Jr. developed the influenza vaccine for the U.S. Army during World War II.

The university's prowess in medical innovation extends to pharmaceuticals as well.

In 1964, Michigan alumnus Jerome Horowitz synthesized the drug AZT, which would later become a critical treatment in the fight against AIDS.

Funded by the March of Dimes, the Francis Field trial began in 1954.

Dr. Thomas Francis of the University of Michigan, Salk's mentor, ran the trial with a staff of over 100.

The year-long trial ultimately involved more than 1.8 million school children across the United States, the largest human medical experiment in American history.

The world waited for the results with bated breath.

As I say, I can't go back because it's too much.

In 1941, at the University of Michigan, virologist Thomas Francis, Jonas Salk and other researchers deliberately infected patients at several Michigan mental institutions with the influenza virus by spraying the virus into their nasal passages.

francis peyton roos based at the rockefeller institute and the editor of the journal of experimental medicine wrote the following to francis regarding the experiments it may save you much trouble if you publish your paper elsewhere than in the journal of experimental medicine the journal is under constant scrutiny by the anti-vivisectionists who would not hesitate to play up to the fact that you used for your tests human beings of a state institution that the tests were wholly justified goes without saying Bruce closely monitored the articles that he published since the 1930s when revival of the anti-vivisectionist movement raised pressure against certain human experimentation.

I thought vivisection was relating to animals, wasn't it? Or have I misunderstood?