For the crime of being Jews.

For the crime of being Jews.

The, what happened to us in the small ghetto was sort of, uh, general interest in the sense that we were, uh, given a sort of a living place, which was very primitive, no electricity, no water, no nothing.

And Jewish resistance one evening came home.

They were armed, and they said, "We're terribly sorry to impose on you, but we are going to dig tunnels under the barbed wires to try and smuggle arms from Polish resistance when we can get it, and eventually try to escape when the inevitable day comes." And I got a small job in the community council and worked typically till 5:00 or whatever it is, and I would try to come home on time so that my mother and my father, who lived with us, he was on a labor assignment out of town, would not worry.

And one day I came, I was about 15, 20 minutes late.

I didn't know what was happening there, and as I approach, I saw that our house, house is an understatement to describe the habitat that we had at that time.

What were we meant to do?"

Yeah.

And my father, who has never, never had a horse in his life, um, bought a horse and a cart, and we put some, very few of our belongings on the cart, and we were fleeing east.

And while we were fleeing, we learned of the infamous Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact, which divided Poland yet into another partition.

Poland suffered a lot during the centuries by being invaded by her neighbors, and here another case.

And we were fleeing, and, uh, the question before the family was that will we continue east to be in the Soviet-occupied part of Poland, or stay somewhere in the German-occupied part of Poland, which we made a terrible mistake by not continuing to flee east.

But we moved to a city called Częstochowa-

Yeah.

And the Israeli government would invoke thatMm-hmm.