Doesn't that add up over time to almost the same thing as a blunt force, you know, acute trauma? Yeah.

The answer is we don't know, and we also don't know, ironically, which brains are more vulnerable to that, either genetically or environmentally.

We do know that the cumulative effect of subconcussive blows to the brain is very concerning, and that's exactly why we worry about the implications of contact sports.

As there is with everything in medicine, we have to balance the risk-benefit ratio because we know that some of these sports are wonderful for youth and for professional athletes and for many people who enjoy watching them.

And so we have to understand who is specifically more at risk, and we have to be very individual in terms of our approach to their brain.

How many concussions have they had with your accident? I would ask you if you would come to see me for that, was it your first one? How long did it take you to recover? How difficult was it to recover? Were you left with any lingering headache or fogginess or dizziness or other neurological symptom which would make the recovery more concerning? And we also don't know what the correlation is.

And this is unique to concussion because in medicine we often define diseases pathologically.

What are your most successful treatment plans look like for a major concussion or any type of brain injury?