You know, what, uh, what was it, and why'd you think Ty would be a good candidate for it?

Yeah.

So the, the fundamental problem for Ty and for people with his type of chronic granulomatous disease is a spelling mistake in his DNA that means that his bleach machine doesn't work well.

And so the hope, once we knew the genetic underpinning of the disease, would be there might be a way to correct that spelling mistake.

And so that's ultimately what Ty had.

He, um, underwent a process called prime editing.

So if we wind it back a bit, ever since we really sort of knew that DNA spelling mistakes, genetic changes caused human disease, the hope had been the ability to correct that spelling mistake.

And this is a completely new treatment, right? It hadn't been given to a human before this, so how did you sort of navigate those unknowns?

But when you knew that this worked, what was your reaction?

So I wasn't, I wasn't there.

It was my, um, colleagues at Sainte Justine Hospital in, in Montreal led by Dr. Elie Haddad.

Um, so they were the, the ones who ad-administered the product and ran the clinical trial.

But, uh, Dr. Haddad texted me and sent me the data, and, um, we have a very good test in the clinical lab that measures the function of those neutrophils, and I'd known what Ty's cells looked like for, in that test for, you know, for more than a decade, and they were always very, very abnormal.

And then suddenly, [chuckles] he just had all these normally functioning neutrophils, and that was really the moment for me, seeing, seeing that the cells were working at that biological level.

What is the promise, do you think, of, of prime editing?

Yeah, that's, that's correct.