So I'm curious, you know, about these emerging risks and, and which of these do you believe that business leaders are currently, you know, underestimating the most and that they should be, you know, a little bit more aware of?

Oh, I think all three of those are things that will, will come back to bite various people.

They are already biting some people.

So the deepfakes, I guess, is, is the sort of sensationalist topic and, uh, this could be audio, it could be video, it could be multimedia, and it could be just plain text even in some cases.

But generally you have something that is a relatively convincing fake that is impersonating some real person for some nefarious purpose.

That could be probably the more common example of something like- Political satire where you see some fake image of your favorite politician that you wanna hate in some out of, out of the normal context, and everybody can laugh at that.

But there, there are more serious applications of these deep fakes that have had significant consequences, whether that's things like revenge porn, for example, can have all sorts of personal and financial consequences.

So looking ahead to the next five to 10 years, are there a few, you know, developments in AI governance or cybersecurity that you think will really be reshaping the profession when we look forward?

And acid kills it, is what you're saying.

Yeah, yeah.

Acid.

This paper shows, literally, they were doing endoscopies and they were taking saliva samples, measuring the pH and the LPS density.

And acid... kills the LPS.

It neutralizes it.

LPS is part of gram-negative bacteria cell walls.

That's why I had to do the old one in the hole, you know? Yeah.

At what point do you hear, "Hey, we want you to come back"?

Well, let me, let me go back to, to the s- to the set.

Barry Crimmins, a friend of mine in Boston, great, brilliant comedian, political, unfortunately passed away a few years ago.

He was, like, my closest comedian friend.

He ran the Ding Ho, and I, he, and he told me, "Look," he said, "You, you," he was, "When you go out and do the set, the set is like a gener- it's like a, you've been doing the set, so you gotta flick the switch on like you're turning a generator on, and just do the set.

'Cause that's what you've been doing." So he was trying to make it, like, possible, don't overthink it.

So I, that's wh- that advice really helped me.

And did you publish it?

You, you wanna start us off with those?

Sure.

Um, so I'm, I'm glad you mentioned the charging 'cause it's more than just the electric car, and indeed, there's more things than just cars to worry about.

Um, it really does help to think about the, the broader ecosystem.

So with your electric cars, you've typically got some, uh, charging arrangement, otherwise your car is a very expensive ornament somewhere.

And that could be home charging or that could be some public charging network.

And typically, those charging networks have cloud backends and some charging system operator that's administering who gets to use those charging systems.

Uh, is the-- are these theoretical or are these just things that people have done in a lab, or have we seen some of these things out in the wild?

What, what's your view on all of that?

Right.

It's an event, and let's start there.

Um, and it could be, um, one of several types of events, and you could try to classify it in terms of the, the scope of what has happened.

Um, so perhaps it is a, um, a disclosure event, so some infilt- information has been exfiltrated from your systems, or there has been some, uh, intrusion where somebody's had access to your systems in the past, so that's sort of one scale of things.

Um, then you could have things where somebody has, um, uh... or there has been some interference with your system so that they are no longer functioning normally.

Um, so depending on what your systems do and what your business is, um, you, you may be essentially out of business for some period of time.

Mm-hmm