Stephen Báthory

Okay, so she was born August 7th, 1560 in the Kingdom of Hungary, and she was born into the world of nobility, a family of princes and cardinals.

And her uncle, Stephen Bathory, later went on to become the King of Poland.

Her family was one of the oldest and most established in this country, a.k.a. they had a lot of power and influence, and she could get away with pretty much anything.

And also I did read something that her parents both had the same surname before getting married.

This time, the Protestants seemed to obtain a complete victory.

The choice fell on Stephen Bathory, Prince of Transylvania, an able warrior and a well-known friend of the Reformation.

Among the 12 magnates that were sent to him to announce his election, there were 11 Protestants.

But they had made a double mistake in imposing upon the newly elected prince too burdensome an election agreement, pacta conventa, and in imposing upon him also the obligation of marrying the sister of Sigismund Augustus, Anna Jagiellonska, then 52 years of age.

The sole Catholic member of the embassy, Solikowski, promised Bathory the assistance of his brethren in setting aside the burdensome conditions and called his attention to the fact that Anna, a zealous Catholic, would never marry a heretic.

These representations prevailed, and it was as a Catholic that Stephen Bathory came to Poland, to the great disappointment of the Protestants.

It is true that during the 11 years of his reign, 1575 to 1586, he never persecuted them, but he allowed himself to be entirely won over by the Jesuits, who represented themselves to him, as they had done to Emperor Ferdinand I, as zealous friends of learning, of general culture, and especially of the intellectual and moral elevation of the clergy.

Under his reign, the Jesuits penetrated into Poland proper, and soon a close network of their colleges extended over the whole realm.

This time the Protestants seemed to obtain a complete victory.

The choice fell on Stephen Bathory, Prince of Transylvania, an able warrior and a well-known friend of the Reformation.

Among the twelve magnates that were sent to him to announce his election there were eleven Protestants.

But they had made a double mistake in imposing upon the newly elected prince too burdensome an election agreement, Pacta Conventa, and in imposing upon him also the obligation of marrying the sister of Sigismund Augustus, Anna Jagiellońska, then 52 years of age.

The sole Catholic member of the embassy, Solikowski, promised Bathory the assistance of his brethren in setting aside the burdensome conditions and called his attention to the fact that Anna, a zealous Catholic, would never marry a heretic.

These representations prevailed and it was as a Catholic that Stephen Bathory came to Poland to the great disappointment of the Protestants.

It is true that, during the eleven years of his reign, 1575 to 1586, he never persecuted them, but he allowed himself to be entirely won over by the Jesuits, who represented themselves to him, as they had done to Emperor Ferdinand I, as zealous friends of learning, of general culture, and especially of the intellectual and moral elevation of the clergy.

Under his reign the Jesuits penetrated into Poland proper and soon a close network of their colleges extended over the whole realm.

This gives statistical support to the notion that England has, on the whole, been a well and harmoniously governed country.

England, 1100-1914 Henry I, 1100-1135 1101, Robert of Normandy 1102, Rebellion of Robert of Bellesme 1104-1106, Invasion of Normandy, both civil and foreign war 1106-1128, A continuation of the war against Normandy and France Stephen, 1135-1154 1136-1138 Scottish Invasions, Battle of the Standards 1138-1148 Civil War between Stephen and Matilda 1149-1150 Civil War renewed between Stephen and Matilda 1152-1153 Civil War again renewed between Stephen and Matilda Henry II, 1154-1189 1158, Welsh War 1163, Second Welsh War 1165, Third Welsh War 1169-1172, War in Ireland 1173-1174 Rebellion headed by Prince Henry 1188-1189 France in alliance with Princes Richard and John Richard I 1189-1199 1190-1192 Third Crusade 1194-1200 France John, 1199-1216 1200-1202 Rebellion of the Poitiers and Nobles 1202-1204 France in alliance with the Poitiers and Nobles, Bovines 1213-1214 France, the Campaign of Bovines 1215-1216 France, John's Last War Regency 1216-1227 1216-1217 France 1219-1223 Welsh War 1223-1225 France 1224 Welsh War Henry III 1227-1272 1228-1231.

Welsh War.

1233-1234.

1490, Raid of Cossacks, Tatars, Magyars, etc.

John Albert, 1492-1501.

1492-1494 War between Lithuania and Moscow 1497 Short Turkish War 1497-1498 Stephen of Moldavia Alexander 1501-1506 1500-1503 Moscow 1500-1506 Stephen of Moldavia 1506 Khan of the Crimea Sigismund I, 1506-1548, 1508 Moscow, 1510 Tatar raid, 1511-1526 Russia, 1516 Tatar raid, 1519 Tatar raid, 1520-1521 Livonian order, 1527 Tatar raid, 1530 Moldavia, 1533 Tatar raid, 1534-1537 Russia, Sigismund II 1548-1572 1552 interference in Wallachia 1556-1557 liverian order beginning of the first great northern war Interregnum 1572-1573 Henry of Alois 1573-1574 Stephen Bathory 1575-1586 1572-1575 Russia 1575 Tartar Invasion 1583-1590 Turkish War at Long Border Sigismund III 1587-1632 1587-1588 Archduke Maximilian and the Soborowsky 1590, Confederation against Samoisky.

1595, Turkey.

There was at that time a very conscious rivalry with a huge Slavic power to the east, and Poland revealed great military possibilities.

A line of brilliant captains succeeded Stephen Bathory, the energetic Transylvanian prince, who was elected to fill the throne made vacant in 1574 by the rapid flight of Henry of Valois.

Stephen fought some of the most splendid campaigns in all Polish history, driving Ivan the Terrible back, and forcing him to peace.

But the reign of this great man was brief, 1575-1586.

After Stephen's death, Jan Samueski, the great chancellor, carried on the tradition, although like Bathory and all the Polish commanders, he was hampered more than aided by the obstructive diet at Warsaw.

Indeed, Poland had almost steadily advanced in prosperity since the beginning of the Jagielloic period in 1386 to its close in 1572, then under Stephen Bathory, 1575-1586.

Her importance continued to grow, so that she was universally recognized as a great power of Eastern Europe.

Her geographical limits were widely extended.

Then began constant warfare between the Poles and the Ukraine Cossacks.

King Stefan Batory, a Polish king, but a Hungarian by birth, who reigned from fifteen seventy-six to fifteen eighty-six, had practically recognized the complete autonomy of the Ukraine, but his successors did not follow his policy.

In fifteen ninety-two, the Cossacks under Kozinski were defeated, but in sixteen twelve, under Hetman Konashevych-Sahaidachny, the Cossacks became again very powerful.

They destroyed Sinope, pillaged Trebizond, and burnt the Turkish fleet, sailing across the Black Sea in small boats that would cause the southern mariner to shudder.

So she was orphaned on the same year.

She was a member of the other line of the Bathory family, daughter of Stephen Bathory of Simlow, Palatine of Hungary.

Through her mother, Elizabeth was the niece of Stephen Bathory, Prince of Transylvania, there we go again, who became the ruler of the Polish-Lutheran Commonwealth as King of Poland, because they had kings, apparently.

and Grand Duke of Lithuania.

I got it, I'm fine.

This time the Protestants seemed to obtain a complete victory.

The choice fell on Stephen Bathory, Prince of Transylvania, an able warrior and a well-known friend of the Reformation.

Among the twelve magnates that were sent to him to announce his election there were eleven Protestants.

But they had made a double mistake in imposing upon the newly elected prince too burdensome an election agreement, Pacta Conventa, and in imposing upon him also the obligation of marrying the sister of Sigismund Augustus, Anna Jagiellońska, then 52 years of age.

The sole Catholic member of the embassy, Solikowski, promised Bathory the assistance of his brethren in setting aside the burdensome conditions and called his attention to the fact that Anna, a zealous Catholic, would never marry a heretic.

These representations prevailed and it was as a Catholic that Stephen Bathory came to Poland, to the great disappointment of the Protestants.

It is true that, during the eleven years of his reign, 1575 to 1586, he never persecuted them, but he allowed himself to be entirely won over by the Jesuits, who represented themselves to him, as they had done to Emperor Ferdinand I, as zealous friends of learning, of general culture, and especially of the intellectual and moral elevation of the clergy.

Under his reign the Jesuits penetrated into Poland proper and soon a close network of their colleges extended over the whole realm.