Selim II

Whether or not he said it in exactly those words, the policy itself was real, and tens of thousands of Sephardic Jews settled across the empire in Istanbul, Thessaloniki, and elsewhere bringing skills, languages and commercial networks that proved genuinely valuable.

His son Selim I removed him from power in 1512 gently, by Ottoman standards, meaning Bayezid abdicated rather than being killed, though he died shortly after, possibly assisted toward that end.

Selim earned the Turkish epithet Yavuz, meaning stern or formidable, and European sources settled on the grim, which gives a fair sense of his general disposition.

he had his brothers and nephews killed to eliminate succession disputes turned east with his full military attention and spent eight years doing something that no ottoman sultan had managed in the same span of time he roughly doubled the size of the empire The Battle of Chaldiran in 1514 was the pivot point.

It was not a crisis.

It was an erosion the kind that takes decades to become visible, and by the time it is visible has already done most of its damage.

His son Selim II was not a disaster as sultans went, but he was also not Suleiman, and the gap between those two things was significant.

Selim was not particularly interested in military campaigns and was content to leave the actual governance of the empire to his grand vizier, Sokolu Mehmed Pasha, who was genuinely capable and ran things with considerable competence throughout Selim's eight-year reign.