Selaginella

So I mean, I'll just take a step back a little bit more from that and say, say other than the bryophytes, there are two major lineages of vascular plants.

One side, which I'm calling the lycopod side, has Lycopodium, Selaginella, Isoetes, um, and a few other kind of obscure plants related to those organisms.

And, and like that side of the tree, the big Carboniferous forests were dominated by these trees that were more closely related to Lycopodium or Selaginella than to, than to seed plants.

Right.

The other side of the plant tree has ferns, it has seed plants which included in the fossil record these things called seed ferns that are now extinct, but then also the s- multiple inde- mostly independent lineages that we call gymnosperms.

Five one two, inside view of one of the bracts and spore case magnified.

Illustration figure five one three, open four-valved spore case of a Selaginella and its four large spores, macrospores, magnified.

Five one four, macrospores of another Selaginella.

Five one five, same separated.

Illustration figure five one six, plant of Isoetes.