How are startups different when we talk about these things? Does the size of the company or the type of product folks are creating make a difference or this challenge is the same?

Well, I think one of the most important differences is that startups, at least at the very beginning, there is no organization.

So essentially, not only can they choose, they also don't have legacies.

What Jim just described in existing organizations on top of articulating and actually working in a certain way, the additional challenges you have to unlearn or overcome where you were before.

That's different in a startup situation for the most part in that they start from scratch.

Now, a related question then becomes how deliberate or thoughtful are the leaders when the organization is growing? Because at some point, Most startups have the ethos, everybody does everything and everybody is sort of scrappy and collectively you make it work somehow.

But at some point, every organization becomes more specialized and people take on certain responsibilities.

Sebastian, what about you? What are the organizational implications of AI and new, exciting, not so new, I know AI is not new, but exciting technologies that can transform everything?

material uh empirical data they're starting to show this or is it is the the jury still out a little bit

i think overall the the long-term jury of course is still out no one knows right and in fact that's what researchers are trying to do to create projection based on certain assumptions right so if you look at studies that talk about millions of jobs created versus millions of jobs lost It's not impossible that they'll shape out in some sort of that way.

However, there are lots of uncertainties around these estimates.

That's one, even in the aggregate level.

But on top of that, the changes you mentioned from past technological revolutions had very different impact on different people.

if you take the job owner's perspective the one who loses the job is not necessarily the same who gains the new job right and so therefore that humans find that scary i think is completely understandable that's then where conversations add whether we need job training programs and how different in terms of required skill set and competencies are these new jobs um If you ask for empirical evidence, I think there are two types of evidence that are emerging that point towards large scale changes.

The first one are studies that look at essentially in experimental fashions, trying to understand what the productivity impact of adding AI to someone's work is.

Do you think government's impact on trying to regulate all of this, the way the tools will work, the things of that nature, that there'll be a restrictive element in some areas that will actually reduce our capacity to take advantage of the technology?