Sanford B. Dole

Hmm.

Sanford Dole?

Right.

Sanford Dole, who was in charge of the government of the fledgling American occupied territory of Hawaii.

What you can see here is that this report demonstrates how the worldview had shifted.

Wait.

I'll try to quickly summarize.

So this report was written nine years after the illegal overthrow of the Hawaiian kingdom and the imprisonment of Hawaii's last monarch, Queen Liliuokalani.

The Great Mahele, instead of fulfilling its stated intention of redistributing land to Hawaiians, became easily exploited by American merchants and sugar barons.

In 1887, a group calling itself the, quote, Citizens Committee of Public Safety, end quote, members of which included Lauren Thurston, grandson of Hiram's colleague Asa Thurston, and Sanford Dole, also descended from missionaries and whose family would go on to start the Dole Pineapple Company, forced King Kalakaua to sign the Bayonet Constitution.

This heavily restricted the king's power in favour of the elected parliament, but instituted property requirements to vote that excluded most native Hawaiians, who had formerly enjoyed universal suffrage.

Six years later, Queen Lili'uakalani attempted to restore the power of the monarchy, but in response, the Committee of Safety deposed her in a coup, which led to Hawaii's annexation by America.

Mark Twain, who spent many months there, said of them, They are the loveliest group of islands that ever anchored in an ocean, and indeed we were of his opinion.

At the time the islands formed an independent republic under Sanford B. Dole as president, the son of Reverend Daniel Dole, one of the early missionaries.

He was educated at Punahou, meaning New Spring, now called Oahu College, and at Williams College in the States.

He came to Boston to study law and was admitted to the bar.