Samuel ibn Naghrillah

[foreign language] They are all oral laws that were given to Moshe Rabbeinu.

[foreign language] they were given to our hands from Moshe Rabbeinu because [foreign language] and so our ancestors saw and received this tradition because they saw the Beth Din of Yehoshua, the student of Moshe, and they saw that so the law was judged in that Beth Din, [foreign language] and also in his successor in the Beth Din of Shmuel HaNagid, Shmuel the prophet, [foreign language] and every Beth Din that arose from the days of Moshe Rabbeinu to our days, the law was applied in this manner, that money is paid and not an injury inflicted.

[foreign language] Now, the second item that we said was [foreign language] he had to compensate him for the pain caused.

[foreign language] how do we know that he has to compensate separately for the pain besides having made good the damage? [foreign language] because concerning [foreign language] we've already learned this in [foreign language] in the case of a rape, the passage says, [foreign language] he shall pay for the rape, for the suffering that he caused her.

And they understand the role of the Jews as being important and significant.

No one better illustrates that point than a guy named Shmuel Hanagid.

And better known originally as Shmuel Ibn Nagrila, he is someone who rises to a very high rank in the caliphate.

And in fact, such a high rank that he's essentially the general of the armed forces for the government.

In 1066, the very time, by the way, that William the Conqueror is marching over here to write the Domesday Book and all that, there's a huge massacre in Granada of Jews, and we start to see the turning against Jews.

Predictably, because Jews had a lot of power under the Cordoba Caliphate, once the Cordoba Caliphate falls and spirits change and people change their mind about what's important, they blame many of those significant Jews for it.

So significantly that Shmuel Hanagid's son is killed by a mob in Granada only 30 years later.

Right.