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Salima Ikram

Salima Ikram

Pakistani professor

Sep 22, 2026

Dan SnowNARRATOR
4:29
If you can hold it tight.
4:32
There's the liver.
4:33
There it comes.
4:34
It's very firmly attached.
4:36
They're very slippery.
4:43
Okay.
4:45
You need a lot of upper body strength to pull things out.

16 MINS LATER

Dan SnowNARRATOR
21:03
The quantities of resin used are excessive.
6:48
So once you basically were fixated on this, how'd you go about figuring out what you wanted to specialize in, especially sort of at the grad level?
6:56
Well, I mean, I always wanted to do ancient Egypt, so that was never a problem.
7:00
I did try and work in the Minoans in the Indus Valley.
7:04
They were attractive, but not Egypt.
7:08
And I was also interested, the irony is, I was interested in daily life.
7:13
What do people eat? Where do they sleep? Where do they cook? How do they poo? I mean, I know how you poo, but where do you go? What happens? What happens to the wastewater? All of that.
7:24
So although I was interested primarily in daily life, and that's what my initial work was, my dissertation was called Choice Cuts, Meat Production in Ancient Egypt.

17 MINS LATER

24:46
What would you do that would be fun?
18:05
He smiles as he sits back and admires his handiwork, knowing that his name will be preserved for eternity as one of the builders of King Khafre's Great Sphinx.
18:16
Sphinx.The Great Sphinx of Giza is a fabulous monument because it's carved out of the living rock, and it is in the place where one of the quarries used to get the stone for the pyramid of King Khufu was located.
18:35
But it seems that for some reason, this rock was just left in place, either deliberately, they decided, "Oh, this is a good site to make a huge, massive sculpture that would act as the guardian of the entire cemetery." And so it's really carved out of the living rock, and they quarried a way around it.
18:54
They used the stone to make the pyramid, but then they fashioned this wonderful lion with a human head, which then they would have to have had scaffolding to get up to, to do all of this work.
19:07
And there is quite a lot of fineness you can see still, and paint.
19:11
So what you see as the Great Sphinx now as a sort of gray-white thing was once brilliantly painted with yellowish things for the headdress, blue maybe, red for the face, eyes outlined.
19:25
So really like a massive living image of the king as a god presiding over this necropolis.

27 MINS LATER

46:04
But though the view is astonishing, in many ways it's unrecognizable from the one enjoyed in its glory days.
20:58
He smiles as he sits back and admires his handiwork, knowing that his name will be preserved for eternity as one of the builders of King Khafre's Great Sphinx.
21:12
The Great Sphinx of Giza is a fabulous monument because it's carved out of the living rock, and it is in the place where one of the quarries used to get the stone for the pyramid of King Khufu was located.
21:28
But it seems that for some reason, this rock was just left in place, either deliberately, they decided, "Oh, this is a good site to make a huge, massive sculpture that would act as the guardian of the entire cemetery." And so it's really carved out of the living rock, and they've quarried away around it.
21:47
They used the stone to make the pyramid, but then they fashioned this wonderful lion with a human head, which then they would have to have had scaffolding to get up to, to do all of this work.
22:00
And there is quite a lot of fineness you can see still, and paint.
22:04
So what you see as the Great Sphinx now is a sort of gray-white thing, was once brilliantly painted with yellowish things for the headdress, blue maybe, red for the face, eyes outlined.
22:18
So really like a massive living image of the king as a god presiding over this necropolis.

29 MINS LATER

51:19
But though the view is astonishing, in many ways it's unrecognizable from the one enjoyed in its glory days.

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