Ruby

But other advantages would accrue.

for one thing the relatively sparse population of emitting atoms in a gas provides an almost ideally homogeneous medium that is the emitting atoms corresponding to chromium in the ruby crystals are not contaminated by the lattice or host atoms since only active atoms need be used the frequency coherence of a gas laser would probably be even better than that of the crystal laser they reasoned It was less than a year after the development of the Ruby laser that Ali Javan of Bell Telephone Laboratories proposed a gas laser employing a mixture of helium and neon gases.

This was an ingeniously contrived partnership whereby one gas did the energizing and the other did the amplifying.

gas lasers now utilize many different gases for different wavelength outputs and powers and provide the purest light of all an additional advantage is that the optical pumping light could be dispensed with an input of radio waves of the proper frequency did the job very nicely but most significant of all javan's gas laser provided the first continuous output this is commonly referred to as cw continuous wave operation the distinction between post and cw operation is like the difference between baking one loaf of bread at a time and putting the ingredients in one end of a baking machine and having a continuous loaf emerge at the other when a non-expert thinks of a laser he is apt to think of power blinding flashes of energy As we know, this is only a small part of the capability of lasers.

Pete Sampras and Tracy Austin are the two youngest people, 19 and 16 respectively, to win the title for what event? And now the answers to round four, question 13.

Designed as replicas to a famous film costume piece, a pair of slippers by Harry Winston sold for three million and featured 1500 carats of what gemstone? Ruby.

They were to mark the 50th anniversary of the 1939 film, The Wizard of Oz.

And what size were they, Annie?

Uh, novices of Garl are known as the Uncut, while full priests of the Joker are known as Jewels.

Now, in ascending order of rank, the titles used by these Garlian priests are Amethyst, Topaz, Opal, Jacinth, Diamond, Emerald, Ruby, and Sapphire.

So I would, I would have guessed that Diamond would be at the top, but Diamond's not...

Like, Diamond's, like, in the middle.

Yeah, yeah.

Podium.

And then Ruby.

I mean, like, I'm very surprised Sapphire's at the top of this l- this list.

Maybe you could fill it with something.

Well, I was thinking, you know, like the Black Prince's ruby.

Ruby has a, it's a spinel with a ruby set inside of it.

It's got a little ruby set inside of it.

It's like stuck to it.

Okay, okay.

Okay? And of those 19, there might be three Monsonite and four Samurite and, you know, two Iridium and two Rubies.

or whatever the math works out

to.

is it because there's more variety or is it just a you know like because you tend to like garnets more than rubies as well so is it maybe the specific I think

I'm just a Ruby hater.

I don't know.

Oh, okay.