Robert Spitzer

And then the sort of young guns who were more biologically oriented and more interested in nosology and classification, especially a group of psychiatrists at Washington University in St. Louis, including Eli Robbins, Samuel Gouzet, George Winokur, Paula Clayton, and a few others.

And these folks from WashU joined the DSM-III Task Force, which was chaired by Robert Spitzer.

And there was a wonderful book written on this history, which was so informative, called The Making of DSM-III by the historian Hannah Decker.

It's highly recommended if you get a chance to take a look at that book.

Okay.

So when you apply this to the world of psychopathology, the finer paper listed 14 psychiatric disorders.

The RDC, the Research Diagnostic Criteria, published in 1978, a group led by Robert Spitzer, identified 25 psychiatric conditions.

When DSM-3 is published in 1980, just two years after the RDC is published, that paper, it lists 265 distinct psychiatric diagnoses.

Let's put this shit into a box.

Then a Columbia psychiatrist, his name was Robert Spitzer, you probably heard of him, took that approach and he ran with it.

So he led the team that ultimately wrote the DSM-III.

It was published in 1980, the year of our Lord Tiffany's birth.

So psychiatry starts to come under attack because of it.

So in response, people like Robert Spitzer decided that what we needed to do was establish these diagnostic criteria and these diagnostic labels in the way we talk about mental health generally on a firm scientific footing.

Now how did they do this? Well they came together in a room and they worked through the evidence they had and they discussed it, it wasn't basically nothing, and they came up with DSM-3, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 3, which then influenced the ICD-10, or the ICD, which I can't remember which number was it, 10, and this then became really influential around the world in the way in which we talk about mental health.

So through language, we can diagnose the condition, and as a result of that, we can then conduct research, and then we can follow the medical model.

And so in this segment, I'll ask you to read.

She references the work of Robert Spitzer.

who was the lead author of the DSM-III, so that, you know, the psychiatric manual that, among other things, first proposed, like, that mental disorders like ADHD have biological causes.

Do we know what, I know that we're up to what, the five? Are we still at five here? I