Revolution

Chapter 3.

The Revolutions of 1830.

Part 1.

In October 1822 The Metternich system, insofar as it implied complete harmony between all the four powers, had already sustained an appreciable shock at the Congress of Verona.

The alliance was renewed, and when Martignac had abandoned his measure in despair, the king readily seized the opportunity to dismiss him.

End of section 7.

Section 8 of From Metternich to Bismarck by Lionel Cecil Jane This LibriVox recording is in the public domain, read by Pamela Nagami Chapter 3 The Revolutions of 1830 Part 2 Charles indeed had always believed that of all possible policies, a policy of conciliation was the worst, and he welcomed Martignac's failure as conclusive evidence of the accuracy of his view.

He would now be fully justified in putting his own opinions into practice, and in curing the chamber of its factious liberalism by repression and determined assertion of the royal prerogative.

And I really went back and forth on is this an appropriate term to use since the term didn't exist in the 18th century.

When we have stories, books about African Americans during the Revolutionary era, I don't feel like historians attack those other historians and say, "I can't believe you called them African American and didn't call them Negro." So I don't know why we get so attached to we can't use the term homosexual to talk about an earlier era, but with other identities we're much more comfortable with using more modern terminology.

And I think our responsibility as historians, of course, is to make clear that what we're doing, that we're using terms that may not be the terms that were used in the past, but we're doing so to be able to connect our stories to the present.

And I think all three of you have done a really good job of this.

But sometimes it's really just hard to do that because we are writing, as you say, John, for a modern audience, and occasionally we might make the decision to use modern terminology to better connect with our audiences, to help them better understand.

But like you said, most scholars regardless will include a note about how they're using terminology and the words they use in their introductions.

Now, Rachel, I'd like to explore your book a bit, Charity and Sylvia, which explores a story that took place in the latter part of the Revolutionary era.

Charity and Sylvia highlights how LGBTQ+ people lived regular lives in early America.

The National Constitution Center is a nonpartisan nonprofit chartered by Congress to increase awareness and understanding of the Constitution among the American people.

In 1824, Marquis de Lafayette returned to the United States, and Americans welcomed him as the last surviving Major General of the Revolutionary War.

In a new book, our guest explores Lafayette's celebrated farewell tour and examines how his visit helped Americans reflect on the meaning and enduring legacy of the American Revolution.

Richard Brookhiser is the senior editor at National Review, and he joined me recently to discuss The Hero Returns, Lafayette and the Legacy of Revolution.