Quito

But close to the equator, where the Sun is always just about overhead at its highest point, it never rises and sets at a great angle off of due east and due west.

And so, all year long in Quito, Ecuador, sunrise to sunset spans 12 hours, 6 minutes, give or take a minute or two.

Sky Caramba!

Okay, let's get into today's stories.

[upbeat music] On February 12th, 1949, a man in his 30s named Leonardo Paez paced around a radio station in a city called Quito, which is the capital city of Ecuador.

It was a Saturday night, and Leonardo and all the people around him were working very hard to get ready for an urgent broadcast.

So Leonardo was the director of Radio Quito, which was a highly respected news station owned by a popular newspaper called El Comercio.

Most people in Ecuador basically got all their news either from this news station or that newspaper or both.

And running a radio station with such a great reputation was really a source of pride for Leonardo, who had grown up in Quito.

So he took his job very seriously, which was why tonight was such a big deal for him.

He was about to deliver a potentially life-changing broadcast to the entire city, and just thinking about the gravity of this moment was making him feel sick and sweaty.

Ryan is currently lighting a cigar.

I'm lighting a fine cigar, so I'm in Quito.

We just bought it down at the cigar store, and they gave me the crappiest matches ever.

But continue.

It's no longer the Allianz.

It's the Nubank Park in Sao Paulo, host of the Verdão, host of the Big Green Palmeiras and of El Ferreira's side, Palmeiras, will take on or did take on Liga de Quito here on their home pitch.

And in the 26th minute, it was a goal by the Argentine Augustin G.I. who would score for Palmeiras, taking the lead 1-0.

And that is the most they can take with them to the altitude next week as they'll travel to Quito to take on LDU at altitude.

They take the minimal one goal lead with them.

This one finishes Palmeiras 1, Liga de Quito 2. nil in la plata argentina the home of some of my cousins believe it or not yes my grandfather's brother immigrated rather than immigrating to the united states like my grandfather my grandfather's brother immigrated to argentina back in the 19 early in the early 1960s i believe and uh set up a business in la plata a business i believe that is still Still owned today by his son-in-law, if I'm not mistaken.

But it is Estudiantes La Plata taking on Corinthians at the Stadio Jorge Luis Hirsichi.

And Estudiantes did take the lead early, very early, mind you.

moreover on the southern declivity of the himalaya where the ascending current deposits the exhalations rising from a vigorous indian vegetation the region of perpetual snow begins at an elevation of eleven thousand or twelve thousand feet above the level of the sea thus setting a limit to the development of organic life in a zone that is nearly three thousand feet lower than that to which it attains in the equinoctial region of the cordilleras but the countries bordering on the equator possess another advantage to which sufficient attention has not hitherto been directed.

this portion of the surface of the globe affords in the smallest space the greatest possible variety of impressions from the contemplation of nature among the colossal mountains of the cundinamarca of quito and of peru furrowed by deep ravines man is enabled to contemplate alike all the families of plants and all the stars of the firmament there at a single glance the eye surveys majestic palms humid forests of bambusa and the varied species of musassia while above these forms of tropical vegetation appear oaks medlars the sweetbriar and umbeliferous plants as in our european homes there as the traveller turns his eyes to the vault of heaven a single glance embraces the constellation of the southern cross the magellanic clouds and the guiding stars of the constellation of the bear as they circle round the arctic pole there the depths of the earth and the vaults of heaven display all the richness of their forms and the variety of their phenomena there the different climates are ranged the one above the other stage by stage like the vegetable zones whose succession they limit and there the observer may readily trace the laws that regulate the diminution of heat as they stand indelibly inscribed on the rocky walls and abrupt declivities of the cordilleras not to weary the reader with the details of the phenomena which i long since endeavored graphically to represent i will here limit myself to the consideration of a few of the general results whose combinations constitute the physical delineation of the torrid zone that which in the vagueness of our impressions loses all distinctness of form like some distant mountain shrouded from view by a veil of mist is clearly revealed by the light of mind which by its scrutiny into the causes of phenomena learns to resolve and analyse their different elements assigning to each its individual character thus in the sphere of natural investigation as in poetry and painting the delineation of that which appeals most strongly to the imagination derives its collective interest from the vivid truthfulness with which the individual features are portrayed the regions of the torrid zone not only give rise to the most powerful impressions by their organic richness and their abundant fertility but they likewise afford the inestimable advantage of revealing to man by the uniformity of the variations of the atmosphere and the development of vital forces and by the contrasts of climate and vegetation exhibited at different elevations the invariability of the laws that regulate the course of the heavenly bodies reflected as it were in terrestrial phenomena let us dwell then for a few moments on the proofs of this regularity which is such that it may be submitted to numerical calculation and computation in the burning plains that rise but little above the level of the sea reign the families of the bananas the sikas and the palm of which the number of species comprised in the flora of tropical regions has been so wonderfully increased in the present day by the zeal of botanical travellers to these groups succeed in the alpine valleys and the humid and shaded clefts on the slopes of the cordilleras the tree ferns whose thick cylindrical trunks and delicate lace-like foliage stand out in bold relief against the azure of the sky and the cintona from which we derive the febrifuge bark the medicinal strength of this bark is said to increase in proportion to the degree of moisture imparted to the foliage of the tree by the light mists which form the upper surface of the clouds resting over the plains everywhere around the confines of the forest are encircled by broad bands of social plants as the delicate arelia the thimbodea and the myrtle leaved andromeda while the alpine rose the magnificent bifaria weaves a purple girdle round the spiry peaks in the cold regions of the paramos which is continually exposed to the fury of storms and winds we find that flowering shrubs and herbaceous plants bearing large and variegated blossoms have given place to monocotyledons whose slender spikes constitute the sole covering of the soil this is the zone of the grasses one vast savannah extending over the immense mountain plateau and reflecting a yellow almost golden tinge to the slopes of the cordilleras on which graze the llama and the cattle domesticated by the european colonists where the naked trachyte rock pierces the grassy turf and penetrates into those higher strata of air which are supposed to be less charged with carbonic acid we meet only with plants of an inferior organization as lichens lecideas and the brightly colored dust-like leperia scattered around in circular patches islets of fresh-fallen snow varying in form and extent arrest the last feeble traces of vegetable development and to these succeeds the region of perpetual snow whose elevation undergoes but little change and may be easily determined it is but rarely that the elastic forces at work within the interior of our globe have succeeded in breaking through the spiral domes which resplendent in the brightness of eternal snow crown the summits of the cordilleras and even where these subterranean forces have opened a permanent communication with the atmosphere through circular craters or open fissures they rarely send forth currents of lava but merely eject ignited scoriae steam sulphurated hydrogen gas and jets of carbonic acid part two part three of cosmos a sketch of the physical description of the universe introduction by alexander von humboldt in the earliest stages of civilization the grand and imposing spectacle presented to the minds of the inhabitants of the tropics could only awaken feelings of astonishment and awe it might perhaps be supposed as we have already said that the periodical return of the same phenomena and the universal manner in which they arranged themselves in successive groups would have enabled man more readily to attain to a knowledge of the laws of nature but as far as tradition and history guide us we do not find that any application was made of the advantages presented by these favored regions recent researches have rendered it very doubtful whether the primitive seat of hindu civilization one of the most remarkable phases in the progress of mankind was actually within the tropics aryana vejo the ancient cradle of the zend was situated to the northwest of the upper indus and after the great religiousism that is to say after the separation of the iranians from the brahminical institution the language that had previously been common to them and to the hindoos assumed among the latter people together with the literature habits and condition of society an individual form in the magota or mayadisa a district that is bound by the great chain of himalaya and the smaller range of the vindhya in less ancient times the sanskrit language and civilization advanced toward the southeast penetrating further within the torrid zone as my brother wilhelm von humboldt has shown in his great work on the and other languages of analogous structure.

notwithstanding the obstacles opposed in northern latitudes to the discovery of the laws of nature owing to the excessive complication of phenomena and the perpetual local variations that in these climates affect the movements of the atmosphere and the distribution of organic forms it is to the inhabitants of a small section of the temperate zone that the rest of mankind owe the earliest revelation of an intimate and rational acquaintance with the forces governing the physical world moreover it is from the same zone which is apparently more favorable to the progress of reason the softening of manners and the security of public liberty that the germs of civilization have been carried to the regions of the tropics as much by the migratory movement of the races as by the establishment of colonies differing widely in their institution from those of the phoenicians or greeks In speaking of the influence exercised by the succession of phenomena on the greater or lesser facility of recognizing the causes producing them, I have touched upon that important stage of our communion with the external world when the enjoyment arising from a knowledge of the laws and the mutual connection of phenomena associates itself with the charm of a simple contemplation of nature.

that which for a long time remains merely an object of vague intuition by degrees acquires the certainty of positive truth and man as an immortal poet has said in our own tongue amid ceaseless change seeks the unchanging pole in order to trace to its primitive source the enjoyment derived from the exercise of thought it is sufficient to cast a rapid glance on the earliest dawnings of the philosophy of nature or of the ancient doctrine of the cosmos we find even among the most savage nations as my own travels enable me to attest a certain vague terror-stricken sense of the all-powerful unity of natural forces and of the existence of an invisible spiritual essence manifested in these forces whether in unfolding the flower and maturing the fruit of the nutrient tree in upheaving the soil of the forest or in rending the clouds with the might of the storm.

So then, partly through shows of toughness that included, like, crossing flooded plains and going without sleep, Bolívar convinced the Llaneros to give up fighting for Spain and start fighting against them.

He quickly captured the viceregal capital at Bogotá, and by 1822 his forces had taken Caracas and Quito.

Hold on, hold on.

Lest I be attacked by Argentines who are already upset about what I said about their really good soccer team, I want to make one thing clear.

I'm E.G. Marshall.

Quite recently, there were headlines about two shuttle planes that disappeared mysteriously in flight between Quito, Ecuador and Lima, Peru.

The speculation was that they had been hijacked.

Somehow, the story got buried and forgotten.

It certainly harmonizes with quite a few things that, for example, John Paul II said at Fulda about the third secret.

Other things you know about the third secret? It also seems to harmonize with the message Our Lady gave at Akita, as well as some things that Our Lady said down in Quito, Ecuador, as Our Lady of Buen Suceso, good success, already back in the 17th century, harmonizes with what some other mystics, saints have said.

As well as also, let me not forget, the Virgin of Revelation who appeared in 1947 at Trefontaine there in Rome.

And her message was accepted and approved by Pius XII.