Qadariyah

Hence arose the Murjites, who set faith above works and emphasized the divine love and goodness.

The Qadarites, who affirmed, and the Jabarites, who denied that men are responsible for their actions.

The Mu'tazilites, who built a theology on the basis of reason, rejecting the qualities of Allah as incompatible with his unity and predestinarianism as contrary to his justice.

And finally, the Ash'arites, the scholastic theologians of Islam, who formulated the rigid metaphysical and doctrinal system that underlies the creed of orthodox Mohammedans at the present time.