Progesterone receptor

So a very aggressive cancer would have a KI-67 of 50, 60 or so, and a very low-grade cancer that grows very slowly would have a much lower KI-67, usually less than 10, for example, or What did I miss? And when I talked about the tumor markers, obviously the immunohistochemistry, which is the biomarkers that you had mentioned.

So we're going to look for the ER, the PR and the HER2.

And those are the major things that we look at.

Now, that's just now what I've talked to you about so far is the staging.

So I'm going to bring all of that knowledge here only in synoptic form.

I'm not gonna go into all the detail, but the expression levels of such proteins as the estrogen receptor, the progesterone receptor, and the human epidermal growth factor receptor two, that's known as the HER2 gene, that yields the three main types of breast cancer.

So ER positive, PR positive, HER2 positive.

You also have a triple negative type of breast cancer where none of those receptors are involved.

Now because of that, those breast cancers all have specific strategies from the biomedical and from the pharmacological perspective.

It does so by promoting intravasation through the vasculature.

However, the role of lipoprotein utilization products generated by the LPL on cytokine secretion in breast cancer, that's a different process entirely.

So what is going on with cytokine expression profile in breast cancer cells when there is a difference in where the breast cancer comes from? For example, is it an ERPR, is it a HER2, or is it a triple negative? And what is the specific response to total lipoprotein hydrolysis products generated by the specifically lipoprotein lipase? So you see, there's a great deal you have to uncover here, discover, you have to be very bold and get into this research, because most of it has been published, before you understand where lipids are gonna play a role.

Who named that anyway?

They have a great PR firm, whoever named that.

I

think so.

Yeah.

So sex hormone binding globulin binds to.

They need that horny goatweed PR firm.

They need a better name.

A prognostic biomarker tells you how a cancer is likely to behave independent of treatment.

So when we say ER or PR positive tumors tend to do better overall, that's prognostic.

But here is where it gets really useful clinically.

Receptor status is also predictive, meaning it tells you who is going to respond to what treatment.

ER or PR-positive, you're looking at endocrine therapy, tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors.

HER2-positive, that's your signal for anti-HER2 agents, trastuzumab, pertuzumab.

So receptor status isn't just telling you how bad the cancer is, it's telling you how to deal with it.

We know that individual patients can do better than what the average patient does.