Potawatomi

I think I saw

him on the board at Pottawatomie.

He's

on the board in Tucker Crafts because he got hurt in December.

Tori, Aspen, what he has his score prediction is.

What

is your score prediction? I'm going to run the Pottawatomie Sportsbook right after this.

20 to 20.

Ally, where are you?

I'd like to acknowledge that I am recording on the traditional territory stewarded by the Anishinaabeg, Ojibwe, Ottawa, and Potawatomi, and Wyandot people as part of the Treaty of Detroit.

Their relationship with the land continues today.

Thanks, Ally.

And suddenly, a massive war party descends on the town.

Yeah, we are talking roughly 250 Odawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi warriors.

Right, and they're being led by a French-Canadian partisan named Charles de Langlade.

They sweep through the village, they scatter the British traders who had recently set up shop there, and they kill the village leader.

He was activating enduring pre-existing social relationships.

Precisely.

And the article makes a very sharp point here about the native nations themselves, the Odawa, the Potawatomi, the Abenaki.

They were absolutely not French proxies.

The Algonquins were the most numerous and occupied the greater part of our country from about Nashville, Tennessee, northward to Hudson Bay, and from the Atlantic westward to the Mississippi River, and northwestward to the sources of the Saskatchewan.

Their best-known tribes were the Indians of New England, those along the lower St. Lawrence River and northward, the Delawares, Miamis, Shawnees, Ottawas, Ojibwas, Sax, Foxes, Crees, Potawatomis, and Illinois.

These savages were rough in their life and manners, and intensely warlike.

obtained their living from hunting and fishing and a crude agriculture, lived in rude wigwams covered with bark, skins, or mats made of reeds, and although many had permanent villages, wandered far and wide in search of fish, game, and furs, or upon the warpath.

Upon the twenty-first of April, sixteen sixty-eight, good Father La Mercier, the Jesuit Superior General, entered in the journal kept by the missionaries at their house upon the cliff of Quebec the fact that several of them were going to embark to go up the river to Montreal.

Among the number were Father Marquette, two men, and a young lad to await an opportunity of going to the Ottawa country.

The tribes included in the Ottawa mission were the Ojibwas at Sault de Sainte Marie, the Beavers, the Crees, the Ottawas, and refugee Hurons on Lake Superior, the Menominees, Potawatomis, Sauks, Foxes, Winnebagos, Miamis, Illinois, and those of the Sioux who lived on or near the banks of the Mississippi.

The Ottawas were the first Indians from the upper Great Lakes to trade with the French.

It grew hungrier instead of becoming satisfied.

For contemporary indigenous writer Robin Wall Kimra, a Potawatomi botanist and scholar, the Wendigo remains a powerful ethical image In her writing, it can stand for greed, endless consumption, and the loss of reciprocal responsibility.

This is a contemporary use of the tradition.

It should not be treated as the single meaning of every older story or every community, but it carries forward an important part of the Wendigo's force.

The father then takes hold of the stake, steps into the grain-filled pit, and begins treading the grain with his feet to loosen the husks from the kernels.

the women take the grain from the pit and toss it up and down in bark winnowing trays the wind blows away the light chaff as the grain is tossed into the air and allows only the kernels to fall back into the tray the time soon arrives for our friends to break camp and seek a winter campsite where the hunting is known to be good hunting and fishing will be the main source of food during the winter season at the new camp-site storage pits lined with birch bark are dug in the ground to be used for storing the nuts dried berries dried corn and rice that have been gathered and prepared during the autumn if hunting is poor or if a severe winter threatens famine to the village this stored food may be the sole means of preventing starvation it is now time for us to leave our indian friends but before we go we learn that the winter season will be spent not only in the pursuits of fishing through the ice and hunting but also in the telling of stories singing and playing many different games when the snows are deep the tribe will don snow-shoes for their hunting trips we will miss seeing them play snow-snake in this game the indians compete with each other to see who can hurl the wooden snake the greatest distance across the snow or ice we are sorry to miss all these things but the time has come for us to end our visit As we say farewell to our friends from the distant past, we reflect regretfully that the coming of the white man will change the old ways of life for these people of the forests, and soon their independence and freedom will vanish forever.

The Indians seem destined to become largely dependent upon the whites for their livelihood, and even for the few remnants of land to be left them for their homes.

End of chapter 1 CHAPTER II.

THE INDIANS IN WISCONSIN'S HISTORY.

few of us realize that the early history of wisconsin is as romantic as any of our eastern seaboard states can boast the area that is now the state of wisconsin became the gateway into the middle west and the meeting place for the french and the indian tribes of what was then regarded as the west this early period of french control was an era in which jesuit missionaries carried the doctrine of christianity from village to village often visiting tribes that had never before seen white men it was a time when the french traders lured by the love of adventure and romance as well as the wealth to be obtained in the fur trade pushed through the forests and followed strange rivers until they reached the villages of unknown wisconsin indians it was in these villages that such traders including the noblest youth of new france lived with the indians sat in their councils took part in their war dances accompanied their war parties to battle and often married their women it was in this early french regime that wisconsin's indian tribes underwent great changes in their manner of life due to contacts with the white man civilization it was a time of warfare and a struggle for supremacy in north america between the british and the french and their indian allies with wisconsin's tribes espoused to the cause of the french it was the heyday of the fur trade with literally millions of beaver and other skins being taken from wisconsin to enrich the trader and obtain white man's goods for the indians despite the fact that wisconsin's indians all lived in pretty much the same manner most of us are aware that there were different tribes in our state at various times and that they spoke different languages in some instances if we use a comparison from european languages we might better understand the character of these indian languages german english and swedish all originated from the same parent tongue and belong to the same basic language division english and chinese are unrelated tongues belonging to different basic language stocks thus while many words are very similar in english and german in english and chinese no apparent similarity exists three basic language divisions algonkian siouan and iroquoian were represented by wisconsin's indians algonkian was represented by such tribes as the menominee pottawatomie chippewa muscootin sauk fox ottawa and kickapoo relatively late arrivals to wisconsin in the eighteen hundreds also speaking algonkian tongues were the munsee brotherton and stockbridge tribes the siouan group included the winnebago and the santee division of the dakota sioux the huron and the oneida the latter also arriving in the eighteen hundreds were wisconsin representatives of the iroquoian language stock the differences become more apparent when we realize that languages in the iroquoian division would be as different from those in the algonkian stock as english is from chinese the historic period in wisconsin began when jean nicolet the first known white man to visit wisconsin landed near what is now green bay in sixteen thirty four nicolet's mission was to arrange a peace between the powerful winnebago tribe or puans as they were known to the french and the Ottawa, who were then acting as middlemen between the French and the Indians of the unknown Middle West.

Nicolette's journey into the Wisconsin wilderness, a mere fourteen years after the landing of our pilgrim forefathers at Plymouth Rock, was the beginning of the period of French exploration and rule in Wisconsin, which is as romantic and fascinating a story as any in our country's history.

Imagine Nicolette's emotion as he approached his destination, a lone white man with seven Indians for companions, in a country which, as far as was known, had never been before visited by a white man.