Pierre Paul Royer-Collard

By one of the bitter ironies of history, his fall was in a sense the result of his success.

In the work of securing internal repose which he had undertaken, he had been fortunate enough to enjoy the support of the most brilliant section of the chamber, the Doctrinaire, a group of some half-dozen independents which included Royer-Collard and Guizot.

But when this part of his work had been completed, when French soil had been freed from the presence of foreign troops, liberalism became, as it were, once more a possible creed, and Richelieu found himself at variance with many of his former supporters.

His own ideals were those of a moderate conservative, but moderation was at a discount in the France of the Restoration and passivity unpopular.

In an effort to conciliate the Ultras, he exchanged his former consistent liberalism for advocacy of electoral reform.

But his ministry was weakened by the resignation of Baron Louis and Saint-Cyr, and its prestige was shattered by its forced assent to the expulsion of Grégoire.

Attempts to induce Royer-Collard to take office and to bolster up the government with the help of the Doctrinaires failed, and though Ducasse and his chief lieutenant, Dessayres, battled on, they constantly lost ground in the chamber until a tragedy completed the ruin of the cabinet.

The Duke of Berry, younger son of Charles of Artois, was assassinated by a political fanatic, and as both he and his elder brother, the Duke of Angoulême, were childless, it was easy to represent the crime as part of a calculated attempt to extinguish the elder branch of the royal family.

But his ministry was weakened by the resignation of Baron Louis and Saint-Cyr, and its prestige was shattered by its forced ascent to the expulsion of Grégoire.

Attempts to induce Royer-Collard to take office and to bolster up the government with the help of the doctrinaires failed, and though Ducaz and his chief lieutenant, Dessayres, battled on, they constantly lost ground in the chamber until a tragedy completed the ruin of the cabinet.

The Duke of Berry, younger son of Charles of Artois, was assassinated by a political fanatic, and as both he and his elder brother, the Duke of Angoulême, were childless, it was easy to represent the crime as part of a calculated attempt to extinguish the elder branch of the royal family.

The widow Duchess openly accused Ducaz of complicity in the murder.

It might be true that the words of Charles were constitutionally those of Polignac, but the definite assertion of an intention of disregarding the views of the parliamentary majority was at least injudicious, and the fact that the ministry in effect took as their battle cry the throne in danger simply served to draw the monarchy as an institution into the arena of political conflict.

From the very first the opposition declined to be terrorized.

Under the direction of Royer-Collard and Guizot, an address was prepared in answer to the speech from the throne.

It complained bitterly that the ministry was defying the electorate and troubling the peace of France, and it gained the support of 221 deputies.

By one of the bitter ironies of history, his fall was in a sense the result of his success.

In the work of securing internal repose which he had undertaken, he had been fortunate enough to enjoy the support of the most brilliant section of the chamber, the Doctrinaire, a group of some half-dozen independents which included Royer-Collard and Guizot.

But when this part of his work had been completed, when French soil had been freed from the presence of foreign troops, liberalism became, as it were, once more a possible creed.

and Richelieu found himself at variance with many of his former supporters.

In an effort to conciliate the ultras, he exchanged his former consistent liberalism for advocacy of electoral reform.

But his ministry was weakened by the resignation of Baron Louis and Saint-Cyr, and its prestige was shattered by its forced assent to the expulsion of Grégoire.

Attempts to induce Royer-Collard to take office and to bolster up the government with the help of the doctrinaires failed, and though Ducasse and his chief lieutenant, Dessaire, battled on, they constantly lost ground in the chamber.

Until a tragedy completed the ruin of the Cabinet.

By one of the bitter ironies of history, his fall was in a sense the result of his success.

In the work of securing internal repose which he had undertaken, he had been fortunate enough to enjoy the support of the most brilliant section of the chamber, the doctrinaire, a group of some half-dozen independents, which included Royer-Collard and Guizot.

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In an effort to conciliate the ultras, he exchanged his former consistent liberalism for advocacy of electoral reform.

But his ministry was weakened by the resignation of Baron Louis and Saint-Cyr, and its prestige was shattered by its forced assent to the expulsion of Grégoire.

Attempts to induce Royer-Collard to take office and to bolster up the government with the help of the doctrinaires failed, and though Ducaz and his chief lieutenant, Dessaire, battled on, they constantly lost ground in the chamber until a tragedy completed the ruin of the cabinet.

The Duke of Berry, younger son of Charles of Artois, was assassinated by a political fanatic, and as both he and his elder brother, the Duke of Angoulême, were childless, it was easy to represent the crime as part of a calculated attempt to extinguish the elder branch of the royal family.