Partha Chatterjee

I want to push that one step further into a mechanism nobody here has surfaced.

Partha Chatterjee distinguishes between civil society and political society, the space where citizens engage through formal institutions versus the space where populations make claims on the state through pressure, protest, and disruption.

Germany's firewall is designed to protect civil society from contamination.

But AFD voters increasingly operate in what Chatterjee would call political society, they're not seeking inclusion in liberal institutional norms, they're demanding that those norms be reorganized around their exclusion as evidence of illegitimacy.