Oxidative phosphorylation

And then here are a few studies.

These are the last ones that we're going to go through, but they're really important to touch on because they fully confirm oxidative phosphorylation, ATP production at the electron transport chain from fatty acids in cancer cells.

The first one here is a twenty sixteen paper titled Enhanced OxPhos or Oxidative Phosphorylation, Glutaminolysis, and Beta-Oxidation Constitute the Metastatic Phenotype for Melanoma Cells.

And so they state here, "The four C one one positive cells also displayed an increased oxidative metabolism accompanied by enhanced rates of oxygen consumption coupled to ATP synthesis.

Furthermore, four C one one plus cells had a higher ATP content and increased succinate oxidation, which points to complex two activity and fatty acid oxidation." And the four C one one positive cells, these are metastatic cells, so the cells that are most concerning.

So, indeed, NAD is an essential coenzyme primarily regarded for its use in redox, reduction oxidation reactions.

And of course, those reactions are intimately linked via the ETC, OXFOS, to mitochondrial ATP synthesis.

Now, while NAD is not permeable

by itself, NAM, on the other hand, nicotinamide mononucleotide, direct product, will readily cross the plasma membrane.

And then it got me into what Otto Warburg had done many, many years ago in the 1920s in Germany.

He showed that cancer was a mitochondrial metabolic disorder driven by glucose because OXFOS was impaired.

So we started working on all these cancer.

We had a big program in brain cancer anyway, but I was doing it for biochemical reasons, ganglion side biochemistry, anti-angiogenesis, the role of glycol lipids in blocking the vascularization of tumors.

And then the cells involved require a lot of rapid energy.

So they cannot rely on, they can't rely on Oxfos.

They need Warburg metabolism to spin up.

That's where they get the juice from.