Old High German

who does modal music with his ensemble, Sequentia.

And he had translated this, he spoke Old Norse and Old High German, and he had translated the sagas.

And his ensemble, through old runes and things found in tubes, had recreated the instruments of back then, of the bards, and were singing the Icelandic sagas in Old Norse, just like the bards of the 12th century, like Sturri Sturluson did.

I mean, or tried to, the best they could.

The Roman Empire was the Mediterranean and not Italy.

Just so, when we approach the earliest European vernacular literature that has made it down to us today, we see the products of two different seas at work, the North Sea and the Celtic Sea, both of them during late antiquity and the early medieval period, connected cultural systems that gave rise to the earliest surviving literature in Old and Middle Irish, Old Welsh, Anglo-Saxon, Old High German, and Old Saxon.

Let's start with the first of the two regions, the North Sea, the one on the right.

The North Sea is the oceanic basin east of Britain, north of the Netherlands and Germany, and west of Denmark and Norway.

Earnings at the moment are actually slightly less than they were at the outset of our season on early Islamic history, which, after the past year of putting my back and shoulders into this project, does sting a bit.

A hundred to one thousand CE, these centuries are not popular to study, and thus they're not particularly helping literature and history's circulation.

The books I've needed for the coming season, Cambridge literary histories and expensive companion books, together with out-of-print translations of Old and Middle Irish and Old High German literature, they've been especially costly, and I've been paying various specialists to proofread episodes before they're released for years, and that's an expense too.

Great research materials and a formal peer review process mean that the end products I release are of good quality, but behind the scenes, this is a labor-intensive, complicated show to produce, especially in these seasons on obscurer centuries in which we're dealing with multiple languages and literary traditions.

This argument also piqued my interest because it was about the Middle Ages and more specifically the Catholic Church.

The two sides squared off around the question of vernacular Bibles, with one saying that the medieval church was fine with their use, citing a number of early medieval manuscripts translated into vernacular languages such as Old Church Slavonic, Old English, Old High German, and so on.

Yet their opponent retorted that the church clearly prescribed vernacular Bibles, given the Council of Constance in 1415 specifically pointed to vernacular Bibles as heretical behavior, posthumously charging John Wycliffe with heresy and burning and banning his writings before ordering the execution of Jan Hus under the same pretenses.

How could two people be right about the same question? Was the medieval church accepting of vernacular Bibles or not? How could it be that we have two equally satisfying answers, each with their own evidence to back it up? Well, not to put too fine a point on it, but the term medieval, historical periodization generally, and hindsight all combine to flatten both time and our perspective.

This is from German, which means ditch, or it's a German word, grabben, which means ditch.

From Old High German, grabbo, also grabban, which means to dig, and there's more at the word grave.

Hmm.

Interesting.

It means to seize.

To seize, same thing, in Old German is the word Henten, thus the name Hunter.

Hunter and Isaiah, it's the same root, the same.

They're joined together, Hebrew and Old German.

I mean, this is how wild this is.

And it says that when, you know how by the time, it's not about, again, we got to pray for everybody we speak about.

Biden has one son left, Hunter.

Well, Ahaziah comes from the Hebrew Ahaz, which means two Cs.

Grimm was a German linguist and folklorist most famous for co-editing Grimm's Fairy Tales with his brother Wilhelm.

In his book German Mythology, published in 1835, Grimm theorized that Ēostre had a German counterpart, a goddess named Ostara, basing this on an etymological argument that the Old High German word for Easter, ostarâ, seems to be linked to the name Ēostre.

But no direct evidence exists for Ostara.

Grimm's argument was entirely linguistic, working backward from a German word for Easter rather than from any surviving primary sources.

Here he is called upon as the great healer from the 9th or 10th centuries.

We know spells in Old High German preserved in the so-called Merseburg incantations.

In these spells, traditional pagan rhyme merges with Christian and rhyme.

Analogies to the Merseburg incantation can be found in Gaelic, Latvian, and Finnish, which might hint towards an ancient Indo-European origin of these charms.

The name Middle English was invented by a German philologist, Grimm, who found in English the same stages of development as in German.

Anglo-Saxon corresponds to Old German in its inflections.

Middle English is like Middle German.

The change in both languages is a change from one kind of inflection to another.

Question number three, German art, culture and food.

With a name derived from the old high German for finely chopped meat, what's the most popular type of sausage in Germany?

Okay, so finely chopped meat, it has to be a Wurst or Wurst.

At worst.

Pretty good.

Question three we're up to.

German art and culture and food with a name derived from the Old High German for finely chopped meat.

What's the most popular type of sausage in Germany?