North

A new epoch begins with the coming of the Northmen in the early tenth century, as a result of which Normandy was differentiated from the rest of France and carried into the broader currents of European history.

At first an outpost of the Scandinavian north, its relations soon shifted as it bred the conquerors of England and Sicily.

The Normans of the eleventh century, Henry Adams maintains, stood more fully in the center of the world's history than their English descendants ever did.

By virtue, then, of its large part in the events of its time, by virtue of the decisive character of the events in which the Normans took part, and by virtue of the permanent influence of its institutions, the Normandy of the dukes can claim an important position in the general history of the world.

In seeking to describe the place of the Normans in European history, we shall accordingly pass over those periods, the earlier and the later, which are primarily of local interest, and concentrate ourselves upon the heroic age of the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth centuries.

We shall begin with the coming of the Northmen and the creation of the Norman state.

The third lecture will consider the Norman conquest of England, the fourth the Norman empire to which this gave rise.

We shall then trace the events which led to the separation of Normandy from England and its ultimate union in 1204 with the French monarchy under Philip Augustus, concluding our survey of the Normans of the North by a sketch of Norman life and culture in this period.

If he delay too long, he will surely die.

The man who turns his back upon the comforts of an elder civilization, to face the savage youth, the primordial simplicity of the North, may estimate success at an inverse ratio to the quantity and quality of his hopelessly fixed habits.

He will soon discover, if he be a fit candidate, that the material habits are the less important.

The exchange of such things as a dainty menu for rough fare, of the stiff leather shoe for the soft shapeless moccasin, of the feather bed for a couch in the snow, is after all a very easy matter.

For the courtesies of ordinary life he must substitute unselfishness, forbearance, and tolerance.

thus and thus only can he gain that pearl of great price true comradeship he must not say thank you he must mean it without opening his mouth and prove it by responding in kind in short he must substitute the deed for the word the spirit for the letter when the world rang with the tale of arctic gold and the lore of the north gripped the heartstrings of men carter weatherby threw up his snug clerkship turned the half of his savings over to his wife and with the remainder bought an outfit there was no romance in his nature the bondage of commerce had crushed all that He was simply tired of the ceaseless grind, and wished to risk great hazards in view of corresponding returns.

Like many another fool, disdaining the old trails used by the Northland pioneers for a score of years, he hurried to Edmonton in the spring of the year, and there, unluckily for his soul's welfare, he allied himself with a party of men.

There was nothing unusual about this party except its plans.

Men are chilled by disaster and do not readily enlist after a defeat, yet the terms of service of thirty thousand of the two years and nine months men were expiring and something had to be done.

Our army, however, at the end of May was still formidable in numbers and too strongly posted to be effectually assailed, especially as it had full and free communication with Washington and the North and could be assisted in case of need by the loyal militia of the free states.

The rebels had obtained a triumph rather than a substantial victory at Chancellorsville.

It was gained, too, at a ruinous expense of life, and when the battle was over they found themselves too weak to follow up our retreating forces.

While the whole South was exulting, their great commander, General Lee, was profoundly depressed.

The resources of the Davis government in men and means were limited, and it was evident that without a foreign alliance, prolonged defensive warfare by an army so far from its base would ultimately exhaust the seceding states without accomplishing their independence.

It became necessary, therefore, for General Lee to choose one of two plans of campaign, either to fall back on the center of his supplies at Richmond and stand a siege there, or to invade the North.

By retiring on Richmond he would save the great labor of transporting food and war material to the frontier, and would remove the Northern army still further from its sources of supply and its principal depots.

A large portion of the prisoners who have been in confinement any length of time are reduced to almost skeletons from continued hunger, exposure, and filth.

Having some money just indulged in an extra ration of cornbread, for which I paid twenty cents in Yankee scrip, equal to two dollars Confederate money, and should say by the crowd collected around that such a sight was an unusual occurrence, and put me in mind of gatherings I have seen in the North around some curiosity.

We received for today's food half a pint of rice soup and one quarter of a pound loaf of cornbread.

The bread is made from the very poorest meal, coarse, sour, and musty, would make poor feed for swine at home.

It is a sure thing, a general exchange, and all will be sent away immediately.

Everybody in good spirits.

Guess Northern folks will be surprised to see such looking objects come among them.

They are the worst-looking crowd I ever saw.

So he bridges church and academy.

He also bridges the cultures of North and South.

It's is one of the, Most fascinating aspects of Broadus's life that I was not as familiar with moving into this project was just how effective Broadus was as a dyed-in-the-wool Southerner and total Confederate sympathizer, how effective he still was.

at speaking to Northern audiences, how beloved he was really on both sides of the Mason-Dixon line, even during those very tense years of reconstruction and beyond.

He was just gifted in that way.

And there are other worlds that he was able to bridge, but John Sampe, his younger colleague at the seminary and student, called him an interpreter.

He said he was able to interpret Southerners to Northerners and Northerners to Southerners.

And just that whole idea of an interpreter, someone who's able to cross cultural boundaries and function well and communicate clearly, that seemed to really capture, I think, the heart of what made Broadus unique.

And so that's what we figured that all these, these big trolling boats are following.

So yeah, we kind of, the wind was blowing us on the, like from North to South.

So we were hitting these, this weed or the mud line and these weeds, um, kind of just going straight into it, not following the line of the mud line.

So we kept doing that for a little bit.

From like, like on top when you're sitting on top of them, could you see those

two? But like we were saying, so Jake, we're using the wind to like the best of our ability to figure out where our drift is going to be and just to figure out the area.

So like I was saying, the wind was blowing us from North to South into the mud line, into the weeds.

Right.

Nevermind.

It's just the West side, North side.

Those roads are closed.

So

I was like, man, I could be shopping here.

Someone threw out this Lululemon, you know, like sweatshirt.

and like a North Face.

I just couldn't believe the things that people were dropping.

Nechos, king of Egypt, first discovered this and made it known.

When he had finished digging the canal that leads from the Nile to the Arabian Gulf, he sent Phoenicians in ships, instructing them to sail on their return voyage past the Pillars of Heracles until they came into the Northern Sea and so to Egypt.

So the Phoenicians set out from the Red Sea and sailed to the Southern Sea.

Whenever autumn came, they would put in and plant the land in whatever part of Libya they had reached and there await the harvest.

and I'll be looking forward to, you know, watching some more games, but seeing you all next week.

So make sure you stay tuned, watch North of the end zone and the national rundown coming out shortly.

So we will see you all next week.

Stay tapped in and peace.