WHAT DOES A COMPANY LIKE SHELL OR EXXON MOBILE REALLY WANT OUT OF A PARTNERSHIP WITH THE UNIVERSITY? Like what do you really want? We've talked about it a little bit, but in the context of what's happening sort of globally at different institutions, what are you really trying to

accomplish? Let me start by telling a historical story because I think it really well illustrates the power of different organizations working together, and specifically academic and industrial organizations.

If you go back almost 100 years now, the world was in another global crisis, World War II, so 80 years ago.

And Germany had taken over most of Western Europe.

England was fighting for its survival in the air war over Europe.

Some researchers at Exxon developed fluid catalytic cracking at that time.

And they did it with the collaboration of researchers at MIT, and ultimately commercialized it, scaled it up, and in very short order put FCCs all over the place, and then developed 100-octane fuel for the Rolls-Royce engines and the Spitfires, which is largely credited with as a big part of winning the air war over Europe because they could outperform the Messerschmitts.

You know, if you have the passion, no matter what you do, if you think that's the right area, there's always a future.